The effect of hypertonic saline administration or stalk transection on histamine and histamine N-methyltransferase in the rat posterior pituitary

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Verburg ◽  
Ronald R. Bowsher ◽  
Robert L. Zerbe ◽  
David P. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Saline Administration

Effects of Adrenalectomy and Hypertonic Saline on Neuropeptide Y Content in the Posterior Pituitary of the Rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Jessop ◽  
Philip J. Larsen ◽  
Jens D. Mikkelsen ◽  
Stafford L. Lightman ◽  
Hardial S. Chowdrey
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Posterior Pituitary

The Autonomic and Somatic Effect of Hypertonic Saline Administration in Spinal Cord Injury in a Murine Model as a Function of Administration Time

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Howard B. Levene ◽  
Carolyn J. Erb ◽  
John P. Gaughan ◽  
Christopher M. Loftus ◽  
Jack Jallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Saline Administration

Cerebral metabolic improvement following hypertonic saline administration in patients with severe subarachnoid haemorrhage

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement 36) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
P. G. Al-Rawi ◽  
M.-Y. Tseng ◽  
J. Nortje ◽  
B. F Matta ◽  
P. J. Hutchinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Saline Administration

Effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis on vasopressin secretion in conscious rabbits

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. H822-H828 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goyer ◽  
H. Bui ◽  
L. Chou ◽  
J. Evans ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Hypertonic Saline Infusion

NO synthase is present in magnocellular neurons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei as well as in the posterior pituitary gland and may participate in control of vasopressin secretion. To test this possibility, experiments were performed in conscious, chronically prepared rabbits to determine the effect of NO synthesis inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) on basal vasopressin secretion and vasopressin responses to increased plasma osmolality (hypertonic saline infusion; P osm) and decreased blood pressure (nitroprusside infusion). L-NAME infusion (0.5 mg.kg-1 x min-1 i.v.) increased mean arterial pressure [MAP; 82.6 +/- 3.4 to 93.0 +/- 3.0 mmHg (P < 0.02)], decreased heart rate [HR; 242 +/- 12 to 209 +/- 9 beats/min (P < 0.02)], decreased plasma renin activity [PRA; 3.1 +/- 0.6 to 2.0 +/- 0.6 ng.ml-.2 h-1 (P < 0.001)], and increased plasma vasopressin concentration [P AVP; 2.2 +/- 0.3 to 4.5 +/- 1.0 pg/ml (P < 0.05)]. P(osm) did not change. Hypertonic saline infusion did not change MAP or HR but decreased PRA [4.3 +/- 0.8 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 ng.ml-1 x 2 h-1 (P < 0.01)], increased P(osm) [284 +/- 1 to 305 +/- 2 mosmol/kg H2O (P < 0.001)], and increased PAVP [2.8 +/- 0.3 to 12.7 +/- 2.7 pg/ml (P < 0.01)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Management Of Patients With Stroke In Critical Care Units, Considering Osmotic Therapy And Hypothermia

2017 ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ata Mahmoodpoor
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Critical Care Units ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cooling

Cytotoxic brain edema is an early complication of stroke which increases the possibility of secondary ischemia. Hypertonic solutions, mannitol and recently hypertonic saline (HS) has been considered for treatment of increased ICP. HS could decrease ICP especially in hypotensive patients with different mechanisms, direct effect on edema, decreasing inflammation which is mediated by attenuation of TNFa and IL-1b stimulation on Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 and improvement of microcirculation. Improvement of microcirculation is so important for hypertonic solutions to be effective in ischemia especially focal ischemia. Based on the literature, hypertonic saline is more effective in decreasing cerebral edema than the equal volume of mannitol. The optimal dose and duration of therapy needs more trials. Caution should be performed with patients with moderate size hemispheric infarcts on presentation, race and genetic factors regarding osmotic therapy.Hypothermia has been rated as one of the most active modes of neuroprotection based on the results of different trials. Hypothermia in both ways, surface and intravascular, decreases cerebral metabolic rate of O2 and glucose and reduces brain oxygen consumption, inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent data continue to support consideration of therapeutic hypothermia for cerebral ischemia in larger clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke. By increasing the time window to therapy initiation and decreasing the treatment duration, selective intracarotid cold saline administration brings increased feasibility, potentially better outcomes and perhaps fewer complications compared with the whole body cooling. Hypothermia is now recommended as a targeted temperature management with defined protocol which should be started early; it may be performed pharmacologically in combination with other therapies. Applying hypothermia should be considered regarding its cost, using in awaked patients, re-warming protocol, incorporation of thrombolysis and its complications. 

Method of Hypertonic Saline Administration: Effects on Osmolality in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Maguigan ◽  
Bradley M. Dennis ◽  
Susan E. Hamblin ◽  
Oscar D. Guillamondegui
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Saline Administration
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