Biogenesis of mitochondria 19 the effects of unsaturated fatty acid depletion on the lipid composition and energy metabolism of a fatty acid desaturase mutant of

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 327-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Proudlock ◽  
J. M. Haslam ◽  
Anthony W. Linnane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Biogenesis Of Mitochondria

scholarly journals Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Czumaj ◽  
Tomasz Śledziński
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Expression And Activity

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered one of the most important components of cells that influence normal development and function of many organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Unsaturated fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in the synthesis of PUFAs, inserting additional unsaturated bonds into the acyl chain. The level of expression and activity of different types of desaturases determines profiles of PUFAs. It is well recognized that qualitative and quantitative changes in the PUFA profile, resulting from alterations in the expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases, are associated with many pathological conditions. Understanding of underlying mechanisms of fatty acid desaturase activity and their functional modification will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of PUFA.

scholarly journals C. elegans Mediator 15 permits low temperature-induced longevity via regulation of lipid and protein homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyeop Lee ◽  
Seon Woo A. An ◽  
Yoonji Jung ◽  
Yasuyo Yamaoka ◽  
Youngjae Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Protein Homeostasis ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Acid Ratio

AbstractLow temperatures slow aging and extend lifespan in many organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the metabolic and homeostatic aspects of low temperature-induced longevity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that changes in lipid composition regulated by MDT-15/Mediator 15, transcriptional co-regulator, is essential for low temperature-induced longevity and proteostasis in C. elegans. We find that inhibition of mdt-15 prevents animals from living long at low temperatures. We show that MDT-15 up-regulates fat-7, a fatty acid desaturase, at low temperatures, which increases the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. We further demonstrate that maintaining this increased fatty acid ratio is essential for protein homeostasis and longevity at low temperatures. Thus, the homeostasis of lipid composition by MDT-15 appears to be a limiting factor for C. elegans proteostasis and longevity at low temperatures. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of fat regulation in maintaining normal organismal physiology under different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Mutation of Host Δ9 Fatty Acid Desaturase Inhibits Brome Mosaic Virus RNA Replication between Template Recognition and RNA Synthesis

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2097-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Ming Lee ◽  
Masayuki Ishikawa ◽  
Paul Ahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Brome Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Er Membrane

ABSTRACT All positive-strand RNA viruses assemble their RNA replication complexes on intracellular membranes. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) replicates its RNA in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated complexes in plant cells and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMV encodes RNA replication factors 1a, with domains implicated in RNA capping and helicase functions, and 2a, with a central polymerase-like domain. Factor 1a interacts independently with the ER membrane, viral RNA templates, and factor 2a to form RNA replication complexes on the perinuclear ER. We show that BMV RNA replication is severely inhibited by a mutation in OLE1, an essential yeast chromosomal gene encoding Δ9 fatty acid desaturase, an integral ER membrane protein and the first enzyme in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis.OLE1 deletion and medium supplementation show that BMV RNA replication requires unsaturated fatty acids, not the Ole1 protein, and that viral RNA replication is much more sensitive than yeast growth to reduced unsaturated fatty acid levels. In ole1 mutant yeast, 1a still becomes membrane associated, recruits 2a to the membrane, and recognizes and stabilizes viral RNA templates normally. However, RNA replication is blocked prior to initiation of negative-strand RNA synthesis. The results show that viral RNA synthesis is highly sensitive to lipid composition and suggest that proper membrane fluidity or plasticity is essential for an early step in RNA replication. The strong unsaturated fatty acid dependence also demonstrates that modulating fatty acid balance can be an effective antiviral strategy.

Lipid profiles of Aspergillus niger and its unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, UFA2

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchanon Chattopadhyay ◽  
Santu Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Kalyani Sen ◽  
Parul Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Auxotroph

A comparative study of the mycelial lipid composition of a wild strain (V35) and one unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph (UFA2) of Aspergillus niger has been performed. The lipid composition of both strains are qualitatively the same but quantitatively different. All the strains contain the following phospholipids: cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine; and triglycerides, diglycerides, mono-glycerides, ergosterol, and sterol esters as the neutral lipids; mono- and di-galactosyl diglyceride as the major glycolipids along with small amounts of the corresponding mannose analogs. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine constitute the bulk of the phospholipids. The mutant (UFA2) contains a higher level of glycerides and lower levels of sterol (both free and esterified form), phospholipids, and glycolipids than the wild type. Aspergillus niger contains C16 to C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Small amounts of long-chain (C20 to C24) and short-chain (C10 to C14) saturated and unsaturated acids are also present. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic are the major acids, stearic and linolenic acids being minor ones. UFA2 grows only in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid (C16 or C18) and accumulates a higher concentration of supplemented acid which influences its fatty acid profile.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document