scholarly journals C. elegans Mediator 15 permits low temperature-induced longevity via regulation of lipid and protein homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyeop Lee ◽  
Seon Woo A. An ◽  
Yoonji Jung ◽  
Yasuyo Yamaoka ◽  
Youngjae Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Protein Homeostasis ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Acid Ratio

AbstractLow temperatures slow aging and extend lifespan in many organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the metabolic and homeostatic aspects of low temperature-induced longevity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that changes in lipid composition regulated by MDT-15/Mediator 15, transcriptional co-regulator, is essential for low temperature-induced longevity and proteostasis in C. elegans. We find that inhibition of mdt-15 prevents animals from living long at low temperatures. We show that MDT-15 up-regulates fat-7, a fatty acid desaturase, at low temperatures, which increases the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. We further demonstrate that maintaining this increased fatty acid ratio is essential for protein homeostasis and longevity at low temperatures. Thus, the homeostasis of lipid composition by MDT-15 appears to be a limiting factor for C. elegans proteostasis and longevity at low temperatures. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of fat regulation in maintaining normal organismal physiology under different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Lipid composition of the isolated rat intestinal microvillus membrane

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Forstner ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
K. J. Isselbacher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Microvillus Membrane

1. Rat intestinal microvillus plasma membranes were prepared from previously isolated brush borders and the lipid composition was analysed. 2. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was greatest in the membranes and closely resembled that reported for myelin. 3. Unesterified cholesterol was the major neutral lipid. However, 30% of the neutral lipid fraction was accounted for by glycerides and fatty acid. 4. Five phospholipid components were identified and measured, including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Though phosphatidylethanolamine was the chief phospholipid, no plasmalogen was detected. 5. In contrast with other plasma membranes in the rat, the polar lipids of the microvillus membrane were rich in glycolipid. The cholesterol:polar lipid (phospholipid+glycolipid) ratio was about 1:3 for the microvillus membrane. Published data suggest that this ratio resembles that of the liver plasma membrane more closely than myelin or the erythrocyte membrane. 6. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids was altered markedly by a single feeding of safflower oil. Membrane polar lipids did not contain significantly more saturated fatty acids than cellular polar lipids. Differences in the proportion of some fatty acids in membrane and cellular glycerides were noted. These differences may reflect the presence of specific membrane glycerides.

scholarly journals Dietary effects on muscle fatty acid composition of finished heifers

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regiane Gregório da Silva ◽  
Ivanor Nunes do Prado ◽  
Makoto Matsushita ◽  
Nilson Evelázio de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio

The effects of diet on Longissimus muscle fatty acid composition was determined using 24 crossbred heifers of Simmental vs. Nelore and Limousin vs. Nelore. The experimental diets were: 1) corn and yeast (CY); 2) corn, cottonseed meal + meat and bones meal (CMB); 3) cassava hull and yeast (CHY); 4) cassava hull, cottonseed meal + meat and bones meal (CHMB). Feeding CHMB diets resulted in lower lipid and higher cholesterol contents (P<0.05) for both crosses. Most of the identified fatty acids were monounsaturated, and the highest percentage was found to oleic acid (C18:1w9), with values ranging from 32.54 to 46.42%. Among the saturated fatty acids the palmitic acid (C16:0) showed the highest percentage, with its contents ranging between 19.40 and 32.44%. The highest polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio was of 0.30, and the lowest was of 0.08. Feeding CY diets resulted in lower cholesterol and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of the Longissimus muscle.

scholarly journals Chemical and fatty acid composition of milk from crossbred cows subjected to feed restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deiyse Alves Silva ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas ◽  
Pedro Felipe Santana ◽  
Luana Alcântara Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Acid Ratio

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in different lactation periods, when receiving different levels of dietary supply in percentage of body weight. Sixty cows were evaluated, with five levels of dietary supply and three lactation periods. The levels of dietary supply had no effect on the production of milk corrected to 3.5% fat (12.25 kg per day). There was also no effect of dietary supply levels, in the different lactation periods, on contents of fat (3.34%), protein (3.41%), lactose (4.60%), total solids (12.0%), defatted dry extract (8.80%), and urinary nitrogen (14.5 mg dL-1), nor on somatic cell count (89.98 mL-1). As the dietary supply level was reduced, the sum of saturated fatty acids in milk was decreased in up to 9.15% and that of monounsaturated fatty acids was increased in up to 25.28%. Feed restriction does not alter the chemical composition of milk, but improves its quality of fat by reducing saturated fatty acid content, increasing the concentration of monounsaturated and desirable fatty acids in up to 54%, and increasing the hypo- and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio in up to 168.97%.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturase Family Gene

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Xiangbo Yang ◽  
Dianyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Response Elements

Abstract To clarify the homology and structural differences of seven genes in the soybean fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) family and the relationship between the expression level of each gene and oleic acid content at different stages of grain development, the seven genes in this family were studied through informatics analysis and evaluation of expression patterns. Amino acid sequence analysis of the seven FAD2 genes in soybean showed that the genes were located on 6 chromosomes, and the number of amino acids encoded by all the genes ranged between 216 and 387. Isoelectric point analysis showed that the proteins were alkaline. Phylogenetic tree comparison results indicated that the soybean FAD2 genes have higher homology with the Arabidopsis thaliana gene and belong to the same dicotyledon, while GmFAD2-2 and GmFAD2-2a have the highest homology, and GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-1b have the same homology, the highest source and less homology with other soybean FAD2 genes, and their function is expected to be slightly different. Transmembrane prediction of each gene in the family showed that GmFAD2-2b contains two transmembrane regions. The remaining genes contain 3-6 different transmembrane structures, all of which are hydrophilic. The amino acid sequences were aligned, and the results showed that the genes in this family contain histidine clusters at the same position, but in GmFAD2-2b, the histidine cluster composition is different from that in other genes. According to the gene 5’ UTR intron cis-regulatory element analysis, the gene contains hormone response elements, light response elements, meristem response elements, and participates in low temperature as a cis-acting element. By analysing the expression patterns of genes in the FAD2 family under low temperature stress, it was found that GmFAD2-2 and GmFAD2-1b exhibited seed-specific expression, while the other genes were constitutively expressed. The genes were up-regulated under low temperature stress. To adapt to low temperature, plants produced more unsaturated fatty acids, and the expression of genes was different at different treatment times. In four soybean genotypes, "Jike Soybean 20", "Ji Midou 3", "Jike Midou No. 1", and "Jike Fresh Bean 1", the soybean FAD content at different stages of grain development was determined, and content was found to increase, then decrease, and finally stabilize. Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between gene expression and oleic acid content, and the correlation coefficients for GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b were the largest, showing a significant negative correlation.

Δ12-fatty acid desaturase is involved in growth at low temperature in yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

2017 ◽  
Vol 488 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Tezaki ◽  
Ryo Iwama ◽  
Satoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Yuh Shiwa ◽  
Hirofumi Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica
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