Increased effective vascular compliance and venous pooling of intravascular volume during sustained venodilation in conscious dogs

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holtz ◽  
E. Bassenge ◽  
H. Kinadeter ◽  
A. Kolin
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Intravascular Volume ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Venous Pooling ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

Oxygen and Effective Vascular Compliance in Acute Heart Failure

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
P. Larochelle ◽  
R. I. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Venous Bypass ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Cardiac Filling ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

The effect of hypoxemia on total vascular compliance was studied in anesthetized dogs using a venous bypass technique. Cardiac output was kept constant with an extracorporeal pump and respiration controlled to maintain normocapnia. When nitrogen was added to the respired gas to produce an arterial [Formula: see text], total vascular compliance was rapidly and significantly reduced to 0.93 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 with incomplete recovery to baseline values of 1.30 ± 0.06 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 during subsequent ventilation with 100% oxygen. Acute heart failure was induced by gradual aortic constriction. Ventilation with 100% oxygen failed to prevent a gradual reduction in total vascular compliance to 0.86 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 from a baseline value of 1.23 ± 0.06 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1. Ventilation with 100% oxygen following the reduction in vascular compliance during acute heart failure also failed to significantly alter this parameter. Thus, improvement of arterial oxygen tension in patients with acute heart failure would be beneficial in providing greater oxygen delivery to the tissues without abolishing a compensatory mechanism of reduced vascular compliance which attempts to maintain a cardiac filling gradient of pressure.

Effect of octreotide on total effective vascular compliance in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Chieh Lin ◽  
Yang-Te Tsai ◽  
May C.-M. Yang ◽  
Fa-Yauh Lee ◽  
Ming-Chih Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

Effect of Drugs on Effective Vascular Compliance in Acute Heart Failure

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Larochelle ◽  
Richard I. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ethacrynic Acid ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Aortic Constriction ◽  
Venous Bypass ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance ◽  
Sustained Increase

Effective vascular compliance determined by the ΔV/ΔP relationship was measured repeatedly in anesthetized open-chest dogs without circulatory arrest utilizing a closed circuit venous bypass system with a constant cardiac output. Production of acute heart failure by gradual aortic constriction was associated with a significant decrease in total effective vascular compliance. The effect of loading and 20-min maintenance doses of different drugs on vascular compliance of animals in acute heart failure was studied. Phenoxybenzamine (total dose 2 mg/kg) produced a rapid and sustained increase in effective vascular compliance and theophylline (12 mg/kg) produced an increase which was more gradual in development than with phenoxybenzamine. Morphine (1 mg/kg) produced a rapid but transient increase in compliance. In contrast, ethacrynic acid (100 mg) or nitroglycerin (0.6 or 1.2 mg) did not alter vascular compliance significantly. These agents differ markedly in the magnitude and time-course of effect on effective vascular compliance.

scholarly journals Total Effective Vascular Compliance of a Global Mathematical Model for the Cardiovascular System

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Morena Celant ◽  
Eleuterio F. Toro ◽  
Lucas O. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Infusion Test ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hyperbolic Pde ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

In this work, we determined the total effective vascular compliance of a global closed-loop model for the cardiovascular system by performing an infusion test of 500 mL of blood in four minutes. Our mathematical model includes a network of arteries and veins where blood flow is described by means of a one-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system and zero-dimensional models for other cardiovascular compartments. Some mathematical modifications were introduced to better capture the physiology of the infusion test: (1) a physiological distribution of vascular compliance and total blood volume was implemented, (2) a nonlinear representation of venous resistances and compliances was introduced, and (3) main regulatory mechanisms triggered by the infusion test where incorporated into the model. By means of presented in silico experiment, we show that effective total vascular compliance is the result of the interaction between the assigned constant physical vascular compliance and the capacity of the cardiovascular system to adapt to new situations via regulatory mechanisms.

Total vascular pressure-volume relationship in conscious rats with chronic heart failure

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. H483-H489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gay ◽  
S. Wool ◽  
M. Paquin ◽  
S. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Venous Capacitance ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

To define the changes in the venous circulation in chronic left ventricular (LV) failure, we measured the mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), blood volume, and effective vascular compliance in conscious rats with heart failure, 3 wk after coronary ligation. Rats with myocardial infarction and LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) greater than 15 mmHg were considered to have chronic heart failure. Rats with chronic heart failure (n = 11) showed an increase (P less than 0.001) in LV EDP to 24 +/- 2 mmHg compared with 6 +/- 1 mmHg in sham-operated (n = 9) and 7 +/- 1 mmHg in normal (n = 6) rats. In the rats with chronic heart failure the MCFP was increased to 9.9 +/- 0.2 mmHg (P less than 0.001) compared with 7.6 +/- 0.2 mmHg in the sham-operated and 7.7 +/- 0.2 mmHg in the normal rats. Effective vascular compliance was determined from MCFP-blood volume curves. In rats with chronic heart failure, the effective vascular compliance was decreased to 2.40 +/- 0.08 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1 from 3.34 +/- 0.16 in sham-operated rats and 3.35 +/- 0.22 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1 in normal rats. The blood volume and the unstressed vascular volume of the rats with chronic heart failure were not statistically different from the sham-operated rats. These results suggest that venous capacitance is decreased in chronic heart failure, due to a decrease in effective vascular compliance with no significant change in unstressed vascular volume. Hexamethonium chloride did not alter the effective vascular compliance of the rats with heart failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Plasma Prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2α, Total Effective Vascular Compliance and Renal Plasma Flow in Essential Hypertension

Nephron ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. London ◽  
A. Hornych ◽  
M.E. Safar ◽  
J.A. Levenson ◽  
A.C. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

Total effective vascular compliance in patients with cirrhosis. Effects of propranolol

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Andreu ◽  
Antonia Perello ◽  
Eduardo Moitinho ◽  
Angels Escorsell ◽  
Juan-Carlos Garcı́a-Pagán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

Determination of Total Effective Vascular Compliance in Patients with Sepsis Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANÇOIS STEPHAN ◽  
ANA NOVARA ◽  
BRUNO TOURNIER ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL MAILLET ◽  
GÉRARD M. LONDON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sepsis Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

Effective Vascular Compliance of Dogs in Acute Heart Failure

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Larochelle ◽  
Richard I. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Circulating Volume ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

Effective vascular compliance was measured repeatedly in dogs without circulatory arrest utilizing a closed-circuit venous bypass system and constant cardiac output. Compliance, determined by the ΔV/ΔP relationship at the end of a 1-min infusion of 5% of the circulating volume into the inferior vena cava, was independent of the initial venous pressure, total circulating volume and systemic arterial pressure. It remained constant over a 3 h experimental period at 1.55 ± 0.05 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 body weight. Elevation of mean left atrial pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure by gradual aortic constriction was associated with a large and significant reduction in vascular compliance to a value of 1.14 ± 0.06 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 after 2 h. This reduction was independent of the initial venous pressure and total circulating volume but was associated with the changes in left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures and an increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations. The mechanism responsible for the reduction in effective compliance is not clear from the present experiments. Increased circulating catecholamines and sympathetic nerve traffic resulting from baro- and volume receptor stimulation in the vascular tree may be the causative mechanism.

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