scholarly journals Total Effective Vascular Compliance of a Global Mathematical Model for the Cardiovascular System

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Morena Celant ◽  
Eleuterio F. Toro ◽  
Lucas O. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Infusion Test ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hyperbolic Pde ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

In this work, we determined the total effective vascular compliance of a global closed-loop model for the cardiovascular system by performing an infusion test of 500 mL of blood in four minutes. Our mathematical model includes a network of arteries and veins where blood flow is described by means of a one-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system and zero-dimensional models for other cardiovascular compartments. Some mathematical modifications were introduced to better capture the physiology of the infusion test: (1) a physiological distribution of vascular compliance and total blood volume was implemented, (2) a nonlinear representation of venous resistances and compliances was introduced, and (3) main regulatory mechanisms triggered by the infusion test where incorporated into the model. By means of presented in silico experiment, we show that effective total vascular compliance is the result of the interaction between the assigned constant physical vascular compliance and the capacity of the cardiovascular system to adapt to new situations via regulatory mechanisms.

Role of active changes in venous capacity by the carotid baroreflex: analysis with a mathematical model

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. H2531-H2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ursino ◽  
M. Antonucci ◽  
E. Belardinelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Unstressed Volume ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Venous Capacity

To elucidate the role of venous capacity active changes in short-term cardiovascular homeostasis, a mathematical model of the carotid-sinus baroreflex system has been developed. In the model the cardiovascular system is represented as the series arrangement of six lumped compartments, which synthesize the fundamental hemodynamic properties of the systemic arterial, systemic venous, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary venous circulations as well as of the left and right cardiac volumes. Cardiac outputs from the left and right ventricles are computed as a function of both downstream arterial pressure (afterload) and upstream atrial pressure (preload). Four distinct feedback regulatory mechanisms, working on systemic arterial resistance, heart rate, systemic venous unstressed volume, and systemic venous compliance, are assumed to operate on the cardiovascular system in response to carotid sinus pressure changes. All model parameters, both in the cardiovascular system and in feedback regulatory mechanisms, have been assigned on the basis of physiological data now available. The model is used here to simulate the pattern of the main hemodynamic quantities in the short time period (1-2 min) after acute carotid sinus activation in vagotomized subjects. Simulation results indicate that the model can reproduce experimental data quite well, with reference both to open-loop experiments and to an acute blood hemorrhage performed in closed-loop conditions. Moreover, computer simulations indicate that active changes in venous unstressed volume are of primary importance in regulating cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure during activation of the carotid sinus baroreflex.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moxiniso Baxromovna Hidirova ◽  
◽  
Zaynabhon Djumanazarovna Yusupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cardiovascular System

Identification of Compensatory Arterial Dynamics in Swine Using a Non-Invasive Sensor for Local Vascular Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Sardar Ansari ◽  
Kevin R. Ward ◽  
Kayvan Najarian ◽  
Kenn R. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Pressure Changes

Autoregulatory dynamics of the cardiovascular system play an important role in maintaining oxygenated blood transportation throughout the human body. In this work, a feedback dynamics model of the cardiovascular system with respect to heartrate and peripheral vascular resistance effects on longer-term blood pressure changes in the systemic circulation is presented. The model is identified from data taken from a swine test subject, instrumented in part with a wearable, non-invasive sensor for estimating peripheral arterial radius. Comparative simulations for the open and close loop model highlight significantly changed hemodynamics after hemorrhage.

An Improved Mathematical Model for the Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular System

2018 ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Yingfei Sun ◽  
Zhipei Huang ◽  
Yu Meng ◽  
Jiankang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Autonomic Regulation

Oxygen and Effective Vascular Compliance in Acute Heart Failure

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
P. Larochelle ◽  
R. I. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Venous Bypass ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Cardiac Filling ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance

The effect of hypoxemia on total vascular compliance was studied in anesthetized dogs using a venous bypass technique. Cardiac output was kept constant with an extracorporeal pump and respiration controlled to maintain normocapnia. When nitrogen was added to the respired gas to produce an arterial [Formula: see text], total vascular compliance was rapidly and significantly reduced to 0.93 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 with incomplete recovery to baseline values of 1.30 ± 0.06 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 during subsequent ventilation with 100% oxygen. Acute heart failure was induced by gradual aortic constriction. Ventilation with 100% oxygen failed to prevent a gradual reduction in total vascular compliance to 0.86 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1 from a baseline value of 1.23 ± 0.06 ml (mm Hg)−1 kg−1. Ventilation with 100% oxygen following the reduction in vascular compliance during acute heart failure also failed to significantly alter this parameter. Thus, improvement of arterial oxygen tension in patients with acute heart failure would be beneficial in providing greater oxygen delivery to the tissues without abolishing a compensatory mechanism of reduced vascular compliance which attempts to maintain a cardiac filling gradient of pressure.

Effect of octreotide on total effective vascular compliance in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Chieh Lin ◽  
Yang-Te Tsai ◽  
May C.-M. Yang ◽  
Fa-Yauh Lee ◽  
Ming-Chih Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
Effective Vascular Compliance
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