Chromosome number and sex chromosome mechanism in some more species of the Indian mantids

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 457-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome

scholarly journals Karyotypes of three species of Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) enable morphologically similar species to be distinguished

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cansanção Silva ◽  
Lucas Henrique Bonfim Souza ◽  
Juliana Chamorro-Rengifo ◽  
Douglas Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
The Difference

Phaneropterinae is the largest subfamily of Tettigoniidae, distributed across the globe. There are few cytogenetic studies regarding this group, as in the case of the genus group Aniarae, which represents only two karyotyped species. The current study aims to analyze cytogenetically three species of Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 from Brazil. The male diploid number of Hyperophoraminor Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 and Hyperophoramajor Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 is 2n♂= 31, whereas Hyperophorabrasiliensis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 has shown 2n♂= 29. These three species possess an X0 sex chromosome system and telo/acrocentric chromosome morphology. The only species found in the Pantanal biome, H.brasiliensis, can be chromosomally distinguished from the Cerrado biome species H.major and H.minor, due to the difference in chromosome number (2n♂= 29 and 2n♂= 31, respectively).

scholarly journals Chromosomal Evolution in the Lizard Genus Varanus (Reptilia)

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Kinga ◽  
Dennis King
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Pericentric Inversion ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

The karyotypes have been determined of 16 of the 32 species of the genus Varanus, including animals from Africa, Israel, Malaya and Australia. A constant chromosome number of 2n = 40 was observed. The karyotype is divided into eight pairs of large chromosomes and 12 pairs of microchromosomes. A series of chromosomal rearrangements have become established in both size groups of the karyotype and are restricted to centromere shifts, probably caused by pericentric inversion. Species could be placed in one of six distinct karyotype groups which are differentiated by these rearrangements and whose grouping does not always correspond with the current taxonomy. An unusual sex chromosome system of the ZZjZW type was present in a number of the species examined.

scholarly journals A checklist of chromosome numbers and a review of karyotype variation in Odonata of the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-540
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Kuznetsova ◽  
Natalia V. Golub
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.

scholarly journals A checklist of chromosome numbers and a review of karyotype variation in Odonata of the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-540
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Kuznetsova ◽  
Natalia V. Golub
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.

scholarly journals Nuclear Genome Size in Contrast to Sex Chromosome Number Variability in the Human Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 746-756
Author(s):  
David Sadílek ◽  
Tomáš Urfus ◽  
Jitka Vilímová ◽  
Jiří Hadrava ◽  
Jan Suda
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Bed Bug

scholarly journals First cytogenetic information on four checkered beetles (Coleoptera, Cleridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
Atılay Yağmur Okutaner
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
First Time

The karyotypes of four species of Cleridae (Coleoptera): Trichodes favarius (Illiger, 1802), Trichodes quadriguttatus Adams, 1817, Trichodes reichei (Mulsant et Rey, 1863), and Tilloidea transversalis (Charpentier, 1825) were reported for the first time with this study. The chromosome numbers of these four species were determined as 2n = 18, sex chromosome system Xyp, and all chromosomes were metacentric (the except y chromosome). Together with this study, the chromosome data of only 17 species are available in this family. It is remarkable that all of them display the same chromosome number and similar karyotypes. This may make the effect of karyotypical features important in interpreting the evolutionary process of Cleridae.

scholarly journals Karyotypes diversity in some Iranian Pamphagidae grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Pamphagidae): new insights on the evolution of the neo-XY sex chromosomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-566
Author(s):  
Olesya Buleu ◽  
Ilyas Jetybayev ◽  
Mohsen Mofidi-Neyestanak ◽  
Alexander Bugrov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Dna Motif ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

For the first time, cytogenetic features of grasshoppers from Iran have been studied. In this paper we conducted a comparative cytogenetic analysis of six species from the family Pamphagidae. The species studied belong to subfamilies Thrinchinae Stål, 1876 (Eremopeza bicoloripes (Moritz, 1928), E. saussurei (Uvarov, 1918)) and Pamphaginae (Saxetania paramonovi (Dirsh, 1927), Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar, 1912, Tropidauchen sp., and Paranothrotes citimus Mistshenko, 1951). We report information about the chromosome number and morphology, C-banding patterns, and localization of ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric (TTAGG)n repeats. Among these species, only S. paramonovi had an ancestral Pamphagidae karyotype (2n=18+X0♂; FN=19♂). The karyotypes of the remaining species differed from the ancestral karyotypes. The karyotypes of E. bicoloripes and E. saussurei, despite having the same chromosome number (2n=18+X0♂) had certain biarmed chromosomes (FN=20♂ and FN=34♂ respectively). The karyotypes of T. escalerai and Tropidauchen sp. consisted of eight pairs of acrocentric autosomes, one submetacentric neo-X chromosome and one acrocentric neo-Y chromosome in males (2n=16+neo-X neo-Y♂). The karyotype of P. citimus consisted of seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes, submetacentric the neo-X1 and neo-Y and acrocentric the neo-X2 chromosomes (2n=14+neo-X1 neo-X2 neo-Y♂). Comparative analysis of the localization and size of C-positive regions, the position of ribosomal clusters and the telomeric DNA motif in the chromosomes of the species studied, revealed early unknown features of their karyotype evolution. The data obtained has allowed us to hypothesize that the origin and early phase of evolution of the neo-Xneo-Y♂ sex chromosome in the subfamily Pamphaginae, are linked to the Iranian highlands.

Chromosome Variation in the Males of Some Australian Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Malipatil
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Chromosome Variation

Twenty-one species of Australian lygaeids belonging to six subfamilies have been examined cytologically. The two species of Lygaeinae both have 2n B = 14 including an XY sex chromosome pair. While all the remaining species were also XY in the male, diploid numbers of 12, 14, 16, 20 and 22 were found. which included a minute m-chromosome pair which is not represented in the Lygaeinae. The observed variation in chromosome number and size provides supporting evidence for the occurrence of both fusion and fission within the Heteroptera.

Karyotypes and Meiosis of the Morabine Grasshoppers Ii. The Genera Culmacris and Stiletta.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJD White
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Y Chromosomes

The genus Culmacris contains no species having the primitive XO:XX sex chromosome mechanism, as found in the tribe Morabini. Two of its species have an XY:XX sex-chromosome mechanism, due to the acquisition of an X-autosome fusion (F18) early in the phylogeny of the genus. It also includes a number of taxa with X1X2Y:X1X1X2X2 sex-chromosome systems. It is proposed that this condition arose from the XY:XX one as a result of a single Y-autosome fusion (F19). The species and races of the X1X2Y section of the genus differ from one another karyotypically in respect of the size and shape of the X2 and Y chromosomes, which are especially variable; in some of them the CD autosome has undergone dissociation into separate C and D acrocentrics (D5, D7 and D8) and in one taxon the AB has also undergone dissociation (D6). This extensive karyotypic diversification contrasts with the relative morphological uniformity of this complex. The genus Stiletta contains two species with the primitive XO:XX mechanism. Both of these have a fusion between two small autosomes (F8), and one of them has an additional fusion between small autosomes (F9), giving rise to 2n = 13, the lowest chromosome number known in the Morabinae.

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