scholarly journals Effect of sex chromosome number variation on attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, executive function, and processing speed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Green ◽  
Shira Flash ◽  
Geeta Shankar ◽  
Sharon Bade Shrestha ◽  
Booil Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Chromosome Number Variation

Visual attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and after stimulant treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2617-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Low ◽  
Signe Vangkilde ◽  
Julijana le Sommer ◽  
Birgitte Fagerlund ◽  
Birte Glenthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which frequently persists into adulthood. The primary goal of the current study was to (a) investigate attentional functions of stimulant medication-naïve adults with ADHD, and (b) investigate the effects of 6 weeks of methylphenidate treatment on these functions.MethodsThe study was a prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded, 6-week follow-up design with 42 stimulant medication-naïve adult patients with ADHD, and 42 age and parental education-matched healthy controls. Assessments included measures of visual attention, based on Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), which yields five precise measures of aspects of visual attention; general psychopathology; ADHD symptoms; dyslexia screening; and estimates of IQ.ResultsAt baseline, significant differences were found between patients and controls on three attentional parameters: visual short-term memory capacity, threshold of conscious perception, and to a lesser extent visual processing speed. Secondary analyses revealed no significant correlations between TVA parameter estimates and severity of ADHD symptomatology. At follow-up, significant improvements were found specifically for visual processing speed; this improvement had a large effect size, and remained when controlling for re-test effects, IQ, and dyslexia screen performance. There were no significant correlations between changes in visual processing speed and changes in ADHD symptomatology.ConclusionsADHD in adults may be associated with deficits in three distinct aspects of visual attention. Improvements after 6 weeks of medication are seen specifically in visual processing speed, which could represent an improvement in alertness. Clinical symptoms and visual attentional deficits may represent separate aspects of ADHD in adults.

scholarly journals Executive Function Associated to Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Paediatric Bipolar Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Angelina Araujo Jiménez ◽  
María Claustre Jané Ballabriga ◽  
Albert Bonillo Martin ◽  
Francisco Javier Arrufat
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Paediatric Bipolar Disorder

Validity of the Executive Function Theory of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1336-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik G. Willcutt ◽  
Alysa E. Doyle ◽  
Joel T. Nigg ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone ◽  
Bruce F. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Analytic Review

scholarly journals Executive Function in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The NIH EXAMINER Battery

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Schreiber ◽  
Katherine L. Possin ◽  
Jonathan M. Girard ◽  
Celiane Rey-Casserly
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractTheories of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increasingly highlight the role of neuropsychological impairment in ADHD; however, a consistent and identifiable pattern of performance on tests is not well established. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (EXAMINER) battery provides measures of common variance across multiple executive function tests within specific domains and was used to characterize which executive functions are most affected in children with ADHD. Thirty-two children (24 male), ages 8–15 years (M = 12.02; SD = 2.29), diagnosed with ADHD and no comorbid disorder completed the NIH EXAMINER battery. Sixty age and gender matched healthy controls were chosen from a database of participants enrolled in the NIH EXAMINER multi-site study. Children with ADHD performed worse on the working memory score compared with the controls. No differences were found on the cognitive control or fluency scores. For children with ADHD, poorer working memory performance predicted parent report of child learning problems. Cognitive control and fluency scores did not predict learning problems. In summary, working memory emerges as a primary impairment in children with ADHD who have no comorbid disorders. Furthermore, working memory weaknesses may underlie the academic problems often seen in children with ADHD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document