Nutrient status effects on loss of amides and amino acids from pine roots

1969 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Status

scholarly journals Zinc and amino acids impact on nutrient status of maize during the ‘critical window’

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Szczepaniak Witold ◽  
Potarzycki Jarosław ◽  
Grzebisz Witold ◽  
Nowicki Bartłomiej
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Yield Depression ◽  
Yield Decrease

It has been assumed that zinc (Zn) fertilizers applied to maize simultaneously with amino acids (AA) at early stages of its growth may decrease the yield variability due to correcting its nutritional status during the ‘critical window’. Two Zn carriers were evaluated (Zn-I – Zn chelate; Zn-II – Zn oxide); they were applied to maize at BBCH 14/15 with or without amino acids, based on two rates of nitrogen (80 and 160 kg N/ha). The precipitation deficiency in 2015 resulted in the grain yield decrease by 35% compared to 2014. An advantage of higher N rate was proved in 2014, whereas the influence of Zn and AA showed in 2015. In this year, the beneficial impact of Zn-oxide and AA combined application resulted in amelioration, at least partially, of the imbalance of certain macronutrient content (N, P, Mg) during the ‘critical window’. These effects were revealed due to a boosted number of kernels in cob, and particularly higher thousand kernel weight. Consequently, the yield depression in 2015 was partly overcome. The results indicated that simultaneous application of Zn oxide and AA to maize at BBCH 14/15 corrected both its nutritional status during the ‘critical window’ and yield components, but had no effect on the yield itself.

Growth and photosynthetic down-regulation in Coffea arabica in response to restricted root volume

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio P. Ronchi ◽  
Fábio M. DaMatta ◽  
Karine D. Batista ◽  
Gustavo A. B. K. Moraes ◽  
Marcelo E. Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Starch Phosphorylase ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Source Sink

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants were grown in small (3-L), medium (10-L) and large (24-L) pots for 115 or 165 d after transplanting (DAT), which allowed different degrees of root restriction. Effects of altered source : sink ratio were evaluated in order to explore possible stomatal and non-stomatal mechanisms of photosynthetic down-regulation. Increasing root restriction brought about large and general reductions in plant growth associated with a rising root : shoot ratio. Treatments did not affect leaf water potential or leaf nutrient status, with the exception of N content, which dropped significantly with increasing root restriction even though an adequate N supply was available. Photosynthesis was severely reduced when plants were grown in small pots; this was largely associated with non-stomatal factors, such as decreased Rubisco activity. At 165 DAT contents of hexose, sucrose, and amino acids decreased in plants grown in smaller pots, while those of starch and hexose-P increased in plants grown in smaller pots. Photosynthetic rates were negatively correlated with the ratio of hexose to free amino acids, but not with hexose content. Activities of acid invertase, sucrose synthase, sucrose-P synthase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, PPi : fructose-6-P 1-phosphotransferase and NADP : glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase all decreased with severe root restriction. Glycerate-3-P : Pi and glucose-6-P : fructose-6-P ratios decreased accordingly. Photosynthetic down-regulation was unlikely to have been associated directly with an end-product limitation, but rather with decreases in Rubisco. Such a down-regulation was largely a result of N deficiency caused by growing coffee plants in small pots.

scholarly journals Foetal and neonatal energy metabolism in pigs and humans: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mota-Rojas ◽  
H. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
D. Villanueva-Garcia ◽  
H. Bonilla-Jaime ◽  
X. Suarez-Bonilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Waste Products

The aim of this review was to elaborate a conceptual framework of the most important aspects of the main biochemical processes of synthesis and breakdown of energy substrates that human and pig foetuses and newborns can use during the transition from foetus to newborn. Under normal physiological conditions, the growth and development of the foetus depends upon nutrients such as glucose, lipids and amino acids. In addition to the maternal and foetal status, genetic factors are also reported to play a role. The main function of the placenta in all species is to promote the selective transport of nutrients and waste products between mother and foetus. This transport is facilitated by the close proximity of the maternal and foetal vascular systems in the placenta. The foetus depends on the placental supply of nutrients, which regulates energy reserves by means of glycogen storage. Also, the synthesis of foetal hepatic glycogen guarantees energy reserves during perinatal asphyxia or maternal hypoglycaemia. However, the foetus can also obtain energy from other resources, such as gluconeogenesis from the intermediary metabolism of the Krebs cycle and most amino acids. Later, when the placental glucose contribution ends during the transition to the postnatal period, the maturation of biological systems and essential metabolic adaptations for survival and growth is required. The maintenance of normoglycaemia depends on the conditions that determine nutrient status throughout life: the adequacy of glycogen stores, the maturation of the glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic pathway, and an integrated endocrine response.

Arsenate Exposure Affects Amino Acids, Mineral Nutrient Status and Antioxidants in Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Genotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (24) ◽  
pp. 9542-9549 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dwivedi ◽  
R. D. Tripathi ◽  
P. Tripathi ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
R. Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient

Ion uptake by rhizomorphs of Armillaria mellea

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Armillaria Mellea

Rhizomorphs of Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Kummer absorbed ammonium and radio-actively labelled chloride and orthophosphate ions; ammonium uptake was associated with synthesis of amino acids in the rhizomorphs. Uptake of labelled ions occurred primarily at the unpigmented growing tip. Nutrient uptake by rhizomorphs may explain why the dry weight of rhizomorphs is related to the nutrient status of the soil in which they are growing.

scholarly journals Amino Acid-Dependent mTORC1 Regulation by the Lysosomal Membrane Protein SLC38A9

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 2479-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jung ◽  
Heide Marika Genau ◽  
Christian Behrends
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rag Gtpases ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Mtorc1 Activation

The serine/threonine kinase mTORC1 regulates cellular homeostasis in response to many cues, such as nutrient status and energy level. Amino acids induce mTORC1 activation on lysosomes via the small Rag GTPases and the Ragulator complex, thereby controlling protein translation and cell growth. Here, we identify the human 11-pass transmembrane protein SLC38A9 as a novel component of the Rag-Ragulator complex. SLC38A9 localizes with Rag-Ragulator complex components on lysosomes and associates with Rag GTPases in an amino acid-sensitive and nucleotide binding state-dependent manner. Depletion of SLC38A9 inhibits mTORC1 activity in the presence of amino acids and in response to amino acid replenishment following starvation. Conversely, SLC38A9 overexpression causes RHEB (Ras homolog enriched in brain) GTPase-dependent hyperactivation of mTORC1 and partly sustains mTORC1 activity upon amino acid deprivation. Intriguingly, during amino acid starvation mTOR is retained at the lysosome upon SLC38A9 depletion but fails to be activated. Together, the findings of our study reveal SLC38A9 as a Rag-Ragulator complex member transducing amino acid availability to mTORC1 activity.

Homochirality as the Signature of Extra-Terrestrial Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. MacDermott ◽  
Laurence D. Barron ◽  
Andrè Brack ◽  
Thomas Buhse ◽  
John R. Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Rosetta Mission ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Origin Of Homochirality

AbstractThe most characteristic hallmark of life is its homochirality: all biomolecules are usually of one hand, e.g. on Earth life uses only L-amino acids for protein synthesis and not their D mirror images. We therefore suggest that a search for extra-terrestrial life can be approached as a Search for Extra- Terrestrial Homochirality (SETH). The natural choice for a SETH instrument is optical rotation, and we describe a novel miniaturized space polarimeter, called the SETH Cigar, which could be used to detect optical rotation as the homochiral signature of life on other planets. Moving parts are avoided by replacing the normal rotating polarizer by multiple fixed polarizers at different angles as in the eye of the bee. We believe that homochirality may be found in the subsurface layers on Mars as a relic of extinct life, and on other solar system bodies as a sign of advanced pre-biotic chemistry. We discuss the chiral GC-MS planned for the Roland lander of the Rosetta mission to a comet and conclude with theories of the physical origin of homochirality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document