Maintenance of the macromolecular barrier at cell extrusion sites in intestinal epithelium: Physiological rearrangement of tight junctions

1990 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Madara
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Extrusion

scholarly journals Tight Junction in the Intestinal Epithelium: Its Association with Diseases and Regulation by Phytochemicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonggi Lee ◽  
Kyoung Mi Moon ◽  
Choon Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The intestine plays an essential role in integrating immunity and nutrient digestion and absorption. Adjacent intestinal epithelia form tight junctions (TJs) that are essential to the function of the physical intestinal barrier, regulating the paracellular movement of various substances including ions, solutes, and water across the intestinal epithelium. Studies have shown that TJ dysfunction is highly associated with metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Thus, molecular and nutritional factors that improve TJ activity have gained attention in the pharmaceutical and medicinal fields. This review focuses on the association between TJ and diverse pathological conditions, as well as various molecular and nutritional interventions designed to boost TJ integrity.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Citrus sinensis Modulate Inflammatory Genes and Tight Junctions in a Human Model of Intestinal Epithelium

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Paola Bruno ◽  
Alessandro Paolini ◽  
Valentina D'Oria ◽  
Angelo Sarra ◽  
Simona Sennato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli

It is widely acknowledged that mammalian exosomes (or extracellular vesicles), have a key role in intercellular communication, owing to the presence of various bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, and microRNAs within their inner compartment. Most recently, the discovery of extracellular vesicles isolated from edible plants (such as vegetables and fruits) and their similarity in terms of size and content with exosomes has opened new perspectives on possible intercellular communication and regulation of important biological processes in which these vesicles are involved. It is also well-known that a balanced diet rich of fruits and vegetables (i.e., the Mediterranean diet) can contribute to maintain a “healthy gut” by preserving the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and avoid that inflammatory stimuli that can alter homeostasis. In our study, we optimized a method to isolate extracellular vesicles from the orange juice (Citrus sinensis) (CS-EVs), and we characterized their morphology and behavior when in contact with the intestinal epithelium. We showed that CS-EVs are stable in a simulated gastrointestinal environment and are absorbed by intestinal cells without toxic effects, as expected. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CS-EVs can alter the gene expression of several genes involved in inflammation (i.e., ICAM1 and HMOX-1) and tight junctions (i.e., OCLN, CLDN1, and MLCK), contributing to limit inflammatory stimuli and restore a functional barrier by increasing the tight junction OCLN protein. Therefore, our study emphasizes the relevant role of fruit-derived extracellular vesicles in modulating important biological processes and maintaining a healthy intestinal epithelium, ultimately promoting human health and well-being.

scholarly journals Tumor Suppressor Scribble Regulates Assembly of Tight Junctions in the Intestinal Epithelium

2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei I. Ivanov ◽  
Cheryl Young ◽  
Kyle Den Beste ◽  
Christopher T. Capaldo ◽  
Patrick O. Humbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium

scholarly journals Desmoplakin controls microvilli length but not cell adhesion or keratin organization in the intestinal epithelium

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaelyn D. Sumigray ◽  
Terry Lechler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Keratin Filament ◽  
Filament Network ◽  
Desmosomal Protein

Maintaining proper cell–cell adhesion in the intestine is essential for tissue homeostasis and barrier function. This adhesion is thought to be mediated by cell adhesion structures, including tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes, which concentrate in the apical junctional region. While clear roles for adherens and tight junctions have been established in simple epithelia, the function of desmosomes has not been addressed. In stratified epithelia, desmosomes impart mechanical strength to tissues by organizing and anchoring the keratin filament network. In this paper, we report that the desmosomal protein desmoplakin (DP) is not essential for cell adhesion in the intestinal epithelium. Surprisingly, when DP is lacking, keratin filament localization is also unperturbed, although keratin filaments no longer anchor at desmosomes. Unexpectedly, DP is important for proper microvillus structure. Our study highlights the tissue-specific functions of desmosomes and reveals that the canonical functions for these structures are not conserved in simple epithelium.

Epithelial Cell Extrusion Leads to Breaches in the Intestinal Epithelium

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Liu ◽  
Elisabeth M. Davis ◽  
Eytan Wine ◽  
Yuefei Lou ◽  
Jan K. Rudzinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Extrusion
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