scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Citrus sinensis Modulate Inflammatory Genes and Tight Junctions in a Human Model of Intestinal Epithelium

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Paola Bruno ◽  
Alessandro Paolini ◽  
Valentina D'Oria ◽  
Angelo Sarra ◽  
Simona Sennato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli

It is widely acknowledged that mammalian exosomes (or extracellular vesicles), have a key role in intercellular communication, owing to the presence of various bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, and microRNAs within their inner compartment. Most recently, the discovery of extracellular vesicles isolated from edible plants (such as vegetables and fruits) and their similarity in terms of size and content with exosomes has opened new perspectives on possible intercellular communication and regulation of important biological processes in which these vesicles are involved. It is also well-known that a balanced diet rich of fruits and vegetables (i.e., the Mediterranean diet) can contribute to maintain a “healthy gut” by preserving the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and avoid that inflammatory stimuli that can alter homeostasis. In our study, we optimized a method to isolate extracellular vesicles from the orange juice (Citrus sinensis) (CS-EVs), and we characterized their morphology and behavior when in contact with the intestinal epithelium. We showed that CS-EVs are stable in a simulated gastrointestinal environment and are absorbed by intestinal cells without toxic effects, as expected. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CS-EVs can alter the gene expression of several genes involved in inflammation (i.e., ICAM1 and HMOX-1) and tight junctions (i.e., OCLN, CLDN1, and MLCK), contributing to limit inflammatory stimuli and restore a functional barrier by increasing the tight junction OCLN protein. Therefore, our study emphasizes the relevant role of fruit-derived extracellular vesicles in modulating important biological processes and maintaining a healthy intestinal epithelium, ultimately promoting human health and well-being.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Mediated Early Embryo–Maternal Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bridi ◽  
Felipe Perecin ◽  
Juliano Coelho da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Zygote Stage

Embryo–maternal crosstalk is an important event that involves many biological processes, which must occur perfectly for pregnancy success. This complex communication starts from the zygote stage within the oviduct and continues in the uterus up to the end of pregnancy. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are part of this communication and carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA. Small EVs are present in the oviductal and uterine fluid and have important functions during fertilization and early embryonic development. Embryonic cells are able to uptake oviductal and endometrium-derived small EVs. Conversely, embryo-derived EVs might modulate oviductal and uterine function. In this review, our aim is to demonstrate the role of extracellular vesicles modulating embryo–maternal interactions during early pregnancy.

scholarly journals The versatile roles and clinical implications of exosomal mRNAs and microRNAs in cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuli Tang ◽  
Siming Yu ◽  
Jianan Cheng ◽  
Yanqiao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Application Potential

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized structures that are secreted by various cells and act as important mediators in intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes carrying bioactive molecules are generated from multivesicular bodies and are present in various body fluids. mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) are encapsulated in exosomes and have been found to be involved in multiple pathophysiological processes. Here, we provide a review of tumor-associated exosomal mRNAs and miRNAs and their roles in metastasis and drug resistance. In particular, we emphasize their clinical application potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer and in cancer therapy.

Biomimetic Extracellular Vesicles Embedded with Black Phosphorus for Molecular Recognition-Guided Biomineralization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingqian Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Hu ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Chunli Zhu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Recognition ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the regulation of cell physiological activity and the reconstruction of extracellular environment. Matrix vesicles (MVs) are a type of EVs, and they participate in the regulation of cell mineralization. Herein, bioinspired MVs embedded with black phosphorus are functionalized with cell-specific aptamer (denoted as Apt-bioinspired MVs) for stimulating biomineralization. The aptamer can direct bioinspired MVs to targeted cells, and the increasing concentration of inorganic phosphate originated from the black phosphorus can facilitate cell biomineralization. The photothermal effect of the Apt-bioinspired MVs also positively affects mineralization. In addition, the Apt-bioinspired MVs display outstanding bone regeneration performance. Considering the excellent behavior of the Apt-bioinspired MVs for promoting biomineralization, our strategy provides a way of designing bionic tools for studying the mechanisms of biological processes and advancing the development of medical engineering.<br>

Study of NSCLC cell migration promoted by NSCLC-Derived Extracellular Vesicle using atomic force microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwei Wang ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
Tuoyu Ju ◽  
Kaige Qu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cellular Components

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells have a key role in the cancer microenvironment and progression. Previous studies have mainly focused on molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes...

scholarly journals The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Eva Costanzi ◽  
Carolina Simioni ◽  
Gabriele Varano ◽  
Cinzia Brenna ◽  
Ilaria Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Relevant Role

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell–cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs’ potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.

scholarly journals Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Natalia Diaz-Garrido ◽  
Cecilia Cordero ◽  
Yenifer Olivo-Martinez ◽  
Josefa Badia ◽  
Laura Baldomà
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Health And Disease

Communication between cells is crucial to preserve body homeostasis and health. Tightly controlled intercellular dialog is particularly relevant in the gut, where cells of the intestinal mucosa are constantly exposed to millions of microbes that have great impact on intestinal homeostasis by controlling barrier and immune functions. Recent knowledge involves extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of such communication by transferring messenger bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs between cells and tissues. The specific functions of EVs principally depend on the internal cargo, which upon delivery to target cells trigger signal events that modulate cellular functions. The vesicular cargo is greatly influenced by genetic, pathological, and environmental factors. This finding provides the basis for investigating potential clinical applications of EVs as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we review current knowledge on the biogenesis and cargo composition of EVs in general terms. We then focus the attention to EVs released by cells of the intestinal mucosa and their impact on intestinal homeostasis in health and disease. We specifically highlight their role on epithelial barrier integrity, wound healing of epithelial cells, immunity, and microbiota shaping. Microbiota-derived EVs are not reviewed here.

scholarly journals The Yin and Yang of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles in tumour immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Yamauchi ◽  
Toshiro Moroishi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Tumour Immunity ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles that are naturally released from various types of cells. EVs contain a wide variety of cellular components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites, which facilitate intercellular communication in diverse biological processes. In the tumour microenvironment, EVs have been shown to play important roles in tumour progression, including immune system–tumour interactions. Although previous studies have convincingly demonstrated the immunosuppressive functions of tumour-derived EVs, some studies have suggested that tumour-derived EVs can also stimulate host immunity, especially in therapeutic conditions. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of EVs with different structural and biological characteristics that may account for the divergent functions of EVs in tumour immunity. In this review article, we provide a brief summary of our current understanding of tumour-derived EVs in immune activation and inhibition. We also highlight the emerging utility of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and discuss the potential clinical applications of tumour-derived EVs.

scholarly journals Circulating or tissue microRNAs and extracellular vesicles as potential lung cancer biomarkers: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Song ◽  
Xiuli Yu ◽  
Zongmei Zang ◽  
Guijuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis

For both lung cancer patients and clinical physicians, tumor biomarkers for more efficient early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis are always wanted. Biomarkers in circulating serum, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and extracellular vesicles, hold the greatest possibilities to partially substitute for tissue biopsy. In this systematic review, studies on circulating or tissue miRNAs and extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for lung cancer patients were reviewed and are discussed. Furthermore, the target genes of the miRNAs indicated were identified through the miRTarBase, while the relevant biological processes and pathways of miRNAs in lung cancer were analyzed through MiRNA Enrichment Analysis and Annotation (MiEAA). In conclusion, circulating or tissue miRNAs and extracellular vesicles provide us with a window to explore strategies for diagnosing and assessing prognosis and treatment in lung cancer patients.

scholarly journals Delivery of functional exogenous proteins by plant-derived vesicles to human cells in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Garaeva ◽  
Roman Kamyshinsky ◽  
Yury Kil ◽  
Elena Varfolomeeva ◽  
Nikolai Verlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

AbstractPlant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) gain more and more attention as promising carriers of exogenous bioactive molecules to the human cells. Derived from various edible sources, these EVs are remarkably biocompatible, biodegradable and highly abundant from plants. In this work, EVs from grapefruit juice were isolated by differential centrifugation followed by characterization of their size, quantity and morphology by nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM). In Cryo-EM experiments, we visualized grapefruit EVs with the average size of 41 ± 13 nm, confirmed their round-shaped morphology and estimated the thickness of their lipid bilayer as 5.3 ± 0.8 nm. Further, using cell culture models, we have successfully demonstrated that native grapefruit-derived extracellular vesicles (GF-EVs) are highly efficient carriers for the delivery of the exogenous Alexa Fluor 647 labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) into both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and colon cancer cells. Interestingly, loading to plant EVs significantly ameliorated the uptake of exogenous proteins by human cells compared to the same proteins without EVs. Most importantly, we have confirmed the functional activity of human recombinant HSP70 in the colon cancer cell culture upon delivery by GF-EVs. Analysis of the biodistribution of GF-EVs loaded with 125I-labeled BSA in mice demonstrated a significant uptake of the grapefruit-derived extracellular vesicles by the majority of organs. The results of our study indicate that native plant EVs might be safe and effective carriers of exogenous proteins into human cells.

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