Histochemical and physiological properties ofRana temporaria tibialis anterior and lumbricalis IV muscle fibres

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Iaizzo
Keyword(s):  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Ofrana Temporaria

Observations on the number of nuclei within the fibres of some red and white muscles

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Burleigh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Phasic Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Red And White Muscles

Nuclei have been enumerated in muscle fibres of different physiological properties within adult rats and rabbits. Almost invariably, and regardless of muscle type, there is a direct relationship between the cross-sectional area (or fibre breadth) of muscle fibres and the number of nuclei within them. The one exception occurred in muscles of older rats where increased nuclear numbers do not always appear to result in broader muscle fibres. The greater complement of nuclei in broader fibres is accompanied by larger amounts of cell substance per nucleus. Confirming early observations in the literature, red fibres of the slow-phasic type have more nuclei than have white, fast-phasic fibres of similar breadth. These conclusions are not vitiated by differences in the number of nuclei within capillaries or in satellite cells, by differences in nuclear length or by variation in the degree to which fibres are contracted. In respect of their complement of nuclei, and the average amount of cell substance formed per nucleus the small red fibres that occur within muscles of predominantly fast-phasic character appear to be fast-rather than slow-phasic in type. When the number of nuclei observed per fibre is plotted against fibre cross-sectional area, the shapes of the resulting distributions suggest that estimates of muscle nuclei may be valuable not only as an index of growth potential, but of the extent to which that potential is expressed. In one muscle, the above distribution was of a form which indicated that some fibres may have formed abnormally large amounts of protein per nucleus. However, this was not adequately confirmed. Various factors have been investigated that are relevant to the accuracy of enumerating nuclei and measuring fibre breadths.

Croonian Lecture - The elementary nervous system

1952 ◽  
Vol 140 (899) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Nerve Net ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Elementary Form

Nervous organization is found in a most elementary form in the sea-anemones. Their behaviour is brought about partly by specific muscles, partly by the mechanically complex operation of fields of muscle fibres. Stimulation causes conduction of all-or-nothing impulses to the muscles. Histological studies confirm and extend the early work of Sharpey-Schäfer on the organization of the coelenterate nerve-net. Much of the later histological work is vitiated by confusion of other fibrous structures with nerve cells. Both physiological and critical histological studies show" that the net is synaptic. Simple reflexes play only a limited part in actinian behaviour. There is evidence that several distinct kinds of spontaneous activity are built into the normal behaviour mechanisms. A response often consists of a prolonged change in pattern of spontaneous activity, rather than a reflex. The complexity and variety of physiological properties utilized in the behaviour of these animals is surprising and often recalls central nervous phenomena. Nevertheless, we are perhaps nearer a complete analysis of the structural units on which behaviour is based in these than in any other animals.

scholarly journals The mammalian lacteal: its histological structure in relation to its physiological properties

1927 ◽  
Vol 102 (714) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Living Preparation

One of us (H. W. F.) (7, 8) has already noted that the mesenteric lacteals contract on appropriate stimulation in a number of animals. He also observed in the guinea-pig and the rat that the vessels were rhythmically contractile. In the latter species the nuclei of circular muscle fibres in the lacteal wall could be seen in the living condition. The difficulties, however, of making out the part played by smooth muscle cells and nuclei in such contractions are very great in the living preparation. It was, therefore, resolved to supplement these observations on the living mesentery by others on fixed and stained material. In some cases the excised lacteal had actually been observed to contract in the living mesentery. The mesenteric lacteals of the cat have been taken as a type, and special attention has been paid to the distribution of smooth muscle fibres in the lymphatics in the various species studied.

scholarly journals Fatigue and neuromuscular block in mammalian skeletal muscle

1949 ◽  
Vol 136 (883) ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Neuromuscular Block ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Response Frequency ◽  
Tension Time

Records have been taken of the tetanic tensions of the decerebrate cat’s soleus and tibialis anterior muscle, while these were excited maximally by direct electrical stimulation, or through the nerve at frequencies up to 250/sec. and for some 20 sec. The tension-time curves with both methods of stimulation were almost identical for any given frequency. Assessment of the neuromuscular block as fatigue progresses was made from observation of the tension changes which followed a sudden switch from direct to indirect excitation or vice versa. At frequencies above 40/sec., block can be demonstrated before there is any fall in tension. The block which develops is not absolute; fibres to which transmission is failing respond to some, but not to all nerve impulses. This enables block to be measured in terms of the average response frequency of the fibres. The response frequency of the muscle fibres during a tetanus depends only on the total number of stimuli which the nerve has received. The relation is of the form response frequency = a /(total stimuli) b where a and b are constants independent of frequency and duration of nerve stimulation. These constants are such that the average response frequency of the muscle fibres has fallen to 25/sec. after the nerve has received about 1000 stimuli at a frequency of 100/sec. Fibres which are rested by block can, when they do respond, develop up to three times the tension-time of unfatigued fibres. The development of neuromuscular block is not responsible for the fall of tension which occurs as the system fatigues.

Amines and a Peptide as Neurohormones in Lobsters: Actions on Neuromuscular Preparations and Preliminary Behavioural Studies

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
EDWARD A. KRAVITZ ◽  
SILVIO GLUSMAN ◽  
RONALD M. HARRIS-WARRICK ◽  
MARGARET S. LIVINGSTONE ◽  
THOMAS SCHWARZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Extended Posture

In this communication we report that four substances, thought to function as neurohormones in Crustacea, all produce long-term changes in the physiological properties of lobster opener muscle preparations. The substances are the amines, octopamine, serotonin and dopamine, and the peptide, proctolin. The actions of these substances are superimposed on the normal synaptic apparatus that utilizes the amino acids GABA and glutamate (probably) as the inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter compounds. Serotonin acts on excitatory and inhibitory nerve endings to facilitate transmitter release and directly on muscle fibres to produce a contracture and to induce the appearance of Ca2+ action potentials. The latter two actions of serotonin are shared by proctolin and octopamine as well. Dopamine, on the other hand, relaxes muscle baseline tension. The mechanism of action of these substances at their target site (or sites) has been explored with electrophysiological and biochemical techniques and the results will be presented. In addition preliminary behavioural experiments have been carried out with serotonin and octopamine. These substances produce opposite postures when injected into lobsters. The amines act on central ganglia to produce these effects where they cause a programmed readout of firing of neurones that will produce either a flexed posture (serotonin) or an extended posture (octopamine).

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