Acute toxicity of tributyltin chloride to embryos and larvae of two bivalve mollusks,Crassostrea virginica andMercenaria mercenaria

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Tributyltin Chloride

Single and continuous exposure of the adult American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to marine vibrios

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haskell S. Tubiash
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Test System ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
American Oyster ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Marine Vibrios

Adult American oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were challenged by single and continuous exposure to high concentrations of vibrios and other bacteria reportedly pathogenic to aquatic animals. A reduction in microbial population in a test system containing oysters compared with an oyster-free control indicated that the mollusks were ingesting or otherwise clearing the bacteria. Oysters exposed to one strain of Vibrio anguillarum experienced higher mortalities than those exposed to the other test organisms, but in no case did mortalities approach those previously found in similarly challenged larval bivalve mollusks. These bacteria appear to be of marginal significance as primary pathogens of adult American oysters.

ACUTE TOXICITY OF PICRIC ACID AND PICRAMIC ACID TO RAINBOW TROUT, SALMO GAIRDNERI, AND AMERICAN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Goodfellow ◽  
Dennis T. Burton ◽  
William C. Graves ◽  
Lenwood W. Hall ◽  
Keith R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
American Oyster

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Organotin on Fresh Water Shrimps and its Resistance by Marine Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tributyltin Chloride ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract: This present study was aimed at investigating the acute toxicity of organotin on fresh water shrimps and its resistance to marine bacteria. 200 water shrimps were exposed to varying concentrations of Tributyltin Chloride (TBTCL) and Diphenyltin Chloride (DPTCL) for 96 hours and a probit was used to determine the lethal dose (LD50). 200g of sediment from Onne sea port Rivers State was manually polluted by TBTCL and DPTCL for 56 days. Organotin resistant bacteria were screened on mineral salt medium at different concentration of the organotin using the spread plate technique. Results from this study showed a lethal doze (LD50) of 4.24mg/l after 24 hours and 1.97mg/l after 48 hours for TBTCl on fresh water shrimps and a lethal doze of 21.05mg/l after 24 hours, 0.83mg/l after 48 hours and 0.006mg/l after 72 hours for DPTCl. The total viable count of bacteria obtained from varying concentrations of TBTCl indicates that approximately 65% of bacterial populations were resistant to 3.0mM of TBTCl and DPTCI since these isolates could grow on MSA supplemented with TBTCI and DPTCI. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the bacterial loads between the different concentrations of TBTCL. Acute toxicity effect of TBTCl and DPTCl on fresh water shrimps reveals TBTCl and DPTCl as one of the toxic substances in the marine ecosystem however; marine bacteria can be harnessed for their resistant abilities.

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

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