A frustration effect with adult humans?

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeral R. Williams ◽  
Stanley C. Geison
Keyword(s):  
Frustration Effect ◽  
Adult Humans

Frustration effect following correlated nonreinforcement.

1968 ◽  
Vol 78 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Frustration Effect

Incomplete reduction of reward and the frustration effect with hunger constant.

1969 ◽  
Vol 80 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Hall ◽  
John N. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Frustration Effect

scholarly journals Cord Blood-Based Approach to Assess Candidate Vaccine Adjuvants Designed for Neonates and Infants

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Daisuke Tokuhara ◽  
Norikatsu Hikita
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Review Current

Neonates and infants are particularly susceptible to infections, for which outcomes tend to be severe. Vaccination is a key strategy for preventing infectious diseases, but the protective immunity achieved through vaccination typically is weaker in infants than in healthy adults. One possible explanation for the poor acquisition of vaccine-induced immunity in infants is that their innate immune response, represented by toll-like receptors, is immature. The current system for developing pediatric vaccines relies on the confirmation of their safety and effectiveness in studies involving the use of mature animals or adult humans. However, creating vaccines for neonates and infants requires an understanding of their uniquely immature innate immunity. Here we review current knowledge regarding the innate immune system of neonates and infants and challenges in developing vaccine adjuvants for those children through analyses of cord blood.

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