Formalin preservation of avian blood for metal and DDE analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley N. Wiemeyer ◽  
John F. Moore ◽  
Bernard M. Mulhern
Keyword(s):  
Avian Blood ◽  
Formalin Preservation

Osteoclast precursors circulate in avian blood

1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose. I. Alvarez ◽  
F. Patrick Ross ◽  
Nicholas A. Athanasou ◽  
Harry C. Blair ◽  
Edward M. Greenfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoclast Precursors ◽  
Avian Blood

scholarly journals Dry preservation of Toxocara vitulorum by plastination technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428-1433
Author(s):  
Niranjan Kumar ◽  
Jayesh B. Solanki ◽  
Prabhakar Shil ◽  
Dharmesh C. Patel ◽  
Ramasamy Meneka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Toxocara Vitulorum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Formalin Preservation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Preservation Technique

Background and Aim: The most widely adopted technique to preserve the gross specimen of the parasite is immersions and storage in liquid preservatives. The present study aimed to describe the dry method of the preservation of Toxocara vitulorum using plastination technique. Materials and Methods: Acetone dehydrated parasites were incubated at –20°C for 1 month in five different plastination solutions, prepared by mixing melamine and turpentine oil with clove oil (MTCl)/chloroform (MTC)/isopropanol (MTI)/benzene (MTB)/xylene (MTX) in 1:1:1 ratio to infiltrate the polymer. Technical personnel was asked to assign weekly score for dryness, stickiness, shrinkage, glossiness, flexibility, and odor of the prepared model on a 5-point scale. Results: Overall, the plastinated parasites were dry, non-sticky, glossy, odorless, chemical-free, harmless, to some extent flexible, with detectable morphological structure including natural form but lost their natural color, and cuticle became translucent. A varying level of shrinkage was noted in all types of plastinated model, but it was least in MTCl model. One month post-plastination, the mean evaluation score for glossiness was maximum in the parasite plastinated in MTCl solution (4.50±0.17), followed by MTC (3.72±0.32), MTX (3.56±0.38), MTB (2.83±0.37), and MTI (2.31±0.33). Likewise, for flexibility, the score was maximum in the parasite plastinated in MTCl solution (4.36±0.16), followed by MTB (3.11±0.14), MTC (2.94±0.41), MTX (2.75±0.41), and MTI (1.97±0.28). The degree of dryness, stickiness, and odor of the prepared model varies non-significantly (p>0.05) with the polymer mixtures. Maximum shrinkage percentage in terms of length and width was 4.24% and 50%, respectively, in the parasites plastinated in MTB solution. Shrinkage percentage was minimal (1.81% in length and 25% in width) in the MTCl plastinated parasites. Shrinkage percentage in terms of dimension was statistically non-significant among the different polymer solutions. Plastinated models withstand the process of microbial decomposition. There were 5 and 11 odd points in favor of plastination and formalin preservation technique, respectively. Conclusion: The prepared T. vitulorum model in MTCl can be used as an adjunct to the parasite preserve in 10% formalin solution. The plastination technique can be used as an alternative method of liquid preservation.

scholarly journals Host Associations Of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) Near Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Locations In Florida, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin E. Sloyer ◽  
Carolina Acevedo ◽  
Alfred E. Runkel ◽  
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Avian Blood ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Arbovirus Surveillance ◽  
Blood Meals

ABSTRACT Quantifying host use is important for understanding transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Despite the importance of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in pathogen transmission, the vector–host relationships of most Culicoides species are poorly documented, even in locations where active arbovirus surveillance is conducted. Polymerase chain reaction–based blood-meal analysis was performed on 663 blood-engorged Culicoides females collected by 7 Florida mosquito control districts at 24 sentinel chicken arbovirus surveillance sites in 2017. A total of 638 blood meals were successfully analyzed to determine host species source, representing 11 Culicoides species. The most commonly bitten host was domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) (presumably sentinel chickens), constituting 565 of 638 (88.6%) the total blood meals. Other common hosts included humans (5.8%), white-tailed deer (Odoocoileus virginianus) (2.5%), and brown basilisk (Basiliscus vittatus) (1.6%). Significant differences in distribution of mammal and avian blood meals were found for a number of Culicoides species, and these patterns did not vary across locations. These results indicate that sentinel chickens are exposed to bites by Culicoides, potentially exposing them to Culicoides-borne pathogens. The findings that vertebrate host use was consistent across locations suggests that each Culicoides species has affinity for one or more specific animal groups, and does not feed randomly upon available animals.

scholarly journals A method to preserve low parasitaemia Plasmodium-infected avian blood for host and vector infectivity assays

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny S. Carlson ◽  
Federico Giannitti ◽  
Gediminas Valkiūnas ◽  
Lisa A. Tell ◽  
Joy Snipes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Blood
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