The subversion of healthy development and play: Teachers' reactions to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

Each year, more than six million young people receive treatment for severe mental, emotional, or behavioral problems. Strong evidence shows us how to prevent many behavioral health problems before they emerge. By unleashing the power of prevention through widespread use of proven approaches, we can help all youth grow up to become healthy and productive adults.

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Breastfeeding Child Development

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482659601700423 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ernesto Pollitt ◽

Patricia Kariger

Keyword(s):

Low Birthweight ◽

Normal Development ◽

Developmental Outcomes ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Early Feeding ◽

Mental Test Score ◽

Healthy Development ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Feeding Methods ◽

Long Chain

The literature reviewed in this article suggests that breastfeeding positively influences cognitive development. Studies comparing the effects of early feeding methods on cognition consistently show mental test score advantages for breastfed infants over bottlefed subjects. Also, breastfeeding may function as a buffer against adverse developmental outcomes from early traumatic events such as low birthweight or neurologic insults. It is recognized that breastmilk contains long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are necessary for the normal development of the retina and cerebrum. Yet, breastfeeding may not always promote optimal development in children. Infants breastfed by mothers using alcohol or marijuana have lower scores on developmental tests. Thus, while breastfeeding has the potential for contributing to the healthy development of infants, it may also be capable of transferring toxic substances known to interfere with normal development.

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Delineation of the Urban-Rural Boundary through Data Fusion: Applications to Improve Urban and Rural Environments and Promote Intensive and Healthy Urban Development

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18137180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 7180

Author(s):

Jun Zhang ◽

Xiaodie Yuan ◽

Xueping Tan ◽

Xue Zhang

Keyword(s):

Wavelet Transform ◽

Rural Development ◽

Data Fusion ◽

Urban Development ◽

Urban Sprawl ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Healthy Development ◽

Kappa Value ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

As one of the most important methods for limiting urban sprawl, the accurate delineation of the urban–rural boundary not only promotes the intensive use of urban resources, but also helps to alleviate the urban issues caused by urban sprawl, realizing the intensive and healthy development of urban cities. Previous studies on delineating urban–rural boundaries were only based on the level of urban and rural development reflected by night-time light (NTL) data, ignoring the differences in the spatial development between urban and rural areas; so, the comprehensive consideration of NTL and point of interest (POI) data can help improve the accuracy of urban–rural boundary delineation. In this study, the NTL and POI data were fused using wavelet transform, and then the urban–rural boundary before and after data fusion was delineated by multiresolution segmentation. Finally, the delineation results were verified. The verification result shows that the accuracy of delineating the urban–rural boundary using only NTL data is 84.20%, and the Kappa value is 0.6549; the accuracy using the fusion of NTL and POI data on the basis of wavelet transform is 93.2%, and the Kappa value is 0.8132. Therefore, we concluded that the proposed method of using wavelet transform to fuse NTL and POI data considers the differences between urban and rural development, which significantly improves the accuracy of the delineation of urban–rural boundaries. Accurate delineation of urban–rural boundaries is helpful for optimizing internal spatial structure in both urban and rural areas, alleviating environmental problems resulting from urban development, assisting the formulation of development policies for urban and rural fringes, and promoting the intensive and healthy development of urban areas.

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