Combined toxicity of four toxicants (Cu, Cr, oil, oil dispersant) toArtemia salina

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Verriopoulos ◽  
M. Moraitou-Apostolopoulou ◽  
E. Milliou
Keyword(s):  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Oil Dispersant

ABOUT UNIFORMITY OF THE PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF SO-CALLED « JOINED» ACTION OF HAZARDS AND COMBINED TOXICITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A COMBIBATION OF THE FLUORIDE AND THE STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD)

2016 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
B. A. Katsnelson ◽  
M. P. Sutunkova ◽  
N. A. Tsepilov ◽  
V. G. Panov ◽  
A. N. Varaksin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
Adverse Action ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
And Control

Sodium fluoride solution was injected i.p. to three groups of rats at a dose equivalent to 0.1 LD50 three times a week up to 18 injections. Two out of these groups and two out of three groups were sham-injected with normal saline and were exposed to the whole body impact of a 25 mT static magnetic field (SMF) for 2 or 4 hr a day, 5 times a week. Following the exposure, various functional and biochemical indices were evaluated along with histological examination and morphometric measurements of the femur in the differently exposed and control rats. The mathematical analysis of the combined effects of the SMF and fluoride based on the a response surface model demonstrated that, in full correspondence with what we had previously found for the combined toxicity of different chemicals, the combined adverse action of a chemical plus a physical agent was characterized by a tipological diversity depending not only on particular effects these types were assessed for but on the dose and effect levels as well. From this point of view, the indices for which at least one statistically significant effect was observed could be classified as identifying (I) mainly single-factor action; (II) additive unidirectional action; (III) synergism (superadditive unidirectional action); (IV) antagonism, including both subadditive unidirectional action and all variants of contradirectional action.

scholarly journals Neurotoxicity Following Acute Inhalation Exposure to the Oil Dispersant COREXIT EC9500A

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (21) ◽  
pp. 1405-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnan Sriram ◽  
Gary X. Lin ◽  
Amy M. Jefferson ◽  
William T. Goldsmith ◽  
Mark Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Corexit Ec9500a

Combined Toxicity of Nano-ZnO and Nano-TiO2: From Single- to Multinanomaterial Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 8113-8123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiezheng Tong ◽  
Carolyn M. Wilke ◽  
Jinsong Wu ◽  
Chu Thi Thanh Binh ◽  
John J. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Nano Zno
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