Electrode system of the high voltage glow discharge for metal heating

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 888-894
Author(s):  
S. Pekárek ◽  
H. Loneková ◽  
J. Rosenkranz ◽  
J. Kracík
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Metal Heating

New electrical stimulation technologies for sheep carcasses New electrical stimulation technologies for sheep carcasses

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Shaw ◽  
S. R. Baud ◽  
I. Richards ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
P. J. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Maximum Voltage

High voltage electrical stimulation applied to the lamb carcass at the end of the dressing procedure often leads to an improvement in overall product quality by reducing the incidence of toughness. It would be advantageous if the same results could be consistently achieved with the use of lower, safer, voltages — medium voltage electrical stimulation. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of medium voltage electrical stimulation applied to wool-on carcasses on meat quality as assessed using the Sheep Meat Eating Quality protocols. A further experiment examined the interaction of electrical stimulation and meat aging time on the consumer acceptance of lamb meat. In the first experiment, 3 treatments: control (non-stimulated), medium voltage electrical stimulation (applied to the wool-on carcass) and high voltage electrical stimulation (applied at the completion of dressing) were examined. Samples of the loin (LTL) and rump (GM) muscles were evaluated by consumers using Sheep Meat Eating Quality protocols. For both muscles, the consumers gave higher scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability to the stimulated product (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 stimulation treatments. The second experiment was conducted at a commercial lamb-processing abattoir that had installed a prototype automated electrode system designed to work at chain speed. Lambs received either no stimulation (control), low current medium voltage electrical stimulation (constant current 300 mA peak, 15 Hz, maximum voltage 550 V peak) or high current medium voltage electrical stimulation (constant current 600 mA peak, 15 Hz, maximum voltage 550 V peak) immediately after sticking. Electrical stimulation improved both the objective and sensory (Sheep Meat Eating Quality) eating quality attributes of lamb loin muscle when assessed following 2 days of ageing. When expressed according to consumer satisfaction rating, 30, 37 and 70% of the loins receiving low, high or no electrical stimulation, respectively, were rated as unsatisfactory at 2 days of ageing. At 4 days of ageing no loins from carcasses in the low stimulation treatment were rated by consumers to be unsatisfactory (P<0.05) compared with either non-stimulated (40%) or high-stimulated loins (35%). With respect to the effects of aging meat, electrical stimulation improved the consumer score at 2 days post-stunning by 8.9 and 4.7 points for tenderness and overall liking, respectively. Further linear improvements due to aging were similar for both electrical stimulation and unstimulated products. Under conditions of no electrical stimulation used in this experiment, 10 days aging results in tenderness and overall liking scores greater than 60 and with ES similar scores are achieved in 5 days. Consumer scores over 60 greatly reduce the chance of meat being classified as unsatisfactory.

scholarly journals Methods and algorithm for calculating the focal parameters of a hollow conical electron beam in high-voltage glow discharge electron guns with a focusing magnetic lens

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Igor Melnyk ◽  
Sergey Tugay ◽  
Volodymyr Kyryk ◽  
Iryna Shved
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Drift Region ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Focal Parameters ◽  
Focal Ring

The algorithm is considered for calculating the focal distance of a hollow conical electron beam generated by high-voltage glow discharge electron guns with magnetic focusing of the beam in the drift region, as well as a method for calculating the diameter of the focal ring and its thickness for such a beam. The proposed algorithm is based on the theory of electron drift in the field of a focusing magnetic lens and is designed using the methods of discrete mathematics and the minimax analysis. The obtained simulation results made it possible to establish the influence of the magnetic lens current on the focal diameter of a hollow conical electron beam and on its focal ring thickness. It is shown that the change in the focal parameters of a hollow conical electron beam can be effectively provided through the regulation of the magnetic lens current.

Comparison of Large-Area Low-Energy Electron Accelerators Based on a High-Voltage Glow Discharge with Accelerators Based on Longitudinal Filaments

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
G. A. Baranov ◽  
V. A. Gurashvili ◽  
I. D. Djigailo ◽  
O. V. Komarov ◽  
S. L. Kosogorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Accelerators ◽  
Low Energy Electron

Cathode contamination effects in a high-voltage glow discharge

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Maskrey ◽  
S D Ford ◽  
R A Dugdale
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Contamination Effects
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