Electrophoresis of large colloidal particles with surface charge layers. Position of the slipping plane and surface layer thickness

1986 ◽  
Vol 264 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohshima ◽  
T. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Surface Layer Thickness ◽  
Slipping Plane

scholarly journals The effect of the titanium surface layer thickness on the characteristics of a layered composite material

2019 ◽  
Vol 1281 ◽  
pp. 012057 ◽  
Author(s):  
E O Nasakina ◽  
M A Sudarchikova ◽  
K Yu Demin ◽  
M A Gol’dberg ◽  
M I Baskakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
Layered Composite Material ◽  
Surface Layer Thickness

scholarly journals Effects of the Face/Core Layer Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Wood/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Green Biocomposite Panels with a Gyroid Core

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2929
Author(s):  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Rajini Nagarajan ◽  
Manja Kitek Kuzman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Surface Layer Thickness

Gyroid structured green biocomposites with different thickness face layers (0.5, 1, 2 and 2.5 mm) were additively manufactured from wood/ polylactic acid (PLA) filaments using a 3D printer. The mechanical properties of the composite panels, bending properties, compressive strength (parallel to the surface), Brinell hardness, and face screw withdrawal resistance, were determined. The surface layer thickness significantly affects the mechanical properties of the composite materials. As the surface layer thickness was increased from 0.5 to 2.5 mm, all the mechanical properties significantly improved. In particular, the Brinell hardness and face screw withdrawal resistance of the specimens improved sharply when the skin thickness was higher than 2 mm. The bending strength, bending modulus, compressive strength (parallel to the surface), Brinell hardness, and face screw withdrawal resistance of the specimens with a skin of 0.5 mm were found to be 8.10, 847.5, 3.52, 2.12 and 445 N, respectively, while they were found to be 65.8, 11.82, 2492.2, 14.62, 26 and 1475 N for the specimens with a 2.5 mm skin. Based on the findings from the present study, gyroid structured composites with a thickness of 2 mm or higher are recommended due to their better mechanical properties as compared to the composites with skins that are thinner.

Analytic GPR data processing for surface layer thickness assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Marecos ◽  
José Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Simona Fontul ◽  
Mercedes Solla
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Surface Layer Thickness

Electrostatic Adsorption of Cations

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ji ◽  
H. Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Electrostatic Adsorption ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Negative Adsorption ◽  
Variable Charge Soils

Adsorption of ions is a direct consequence of the carrying of surface charge for soils. Owing to the characteristics of variable charge soils in chemical and mineralogical compositions, these soils possess distinct amphoteric properties. Therefore, they can adsorb cations as well as anions. Under field conditions, most of the variable charge soils carry more negative surface charge than positive surface charge, hence they adsorb more cations than anions. Under certain conditions the quantities of adsorbed cations and anions are equal to each other. In this case the soil is said to be at its iso-ionic point. Generally, for most cations commonly found in soils, the interaction force between them and the surface of soil particles during adsorption is electrostatic in nature. However, owing to the characteristics of variable charge soils, a specific force may also be involved in the adsorption of some cations. This latter topic shall be discussed in Chapter 5. In this chapter, only electrostatic adsorption is dealt with. In the present chapter, the mechanism of electrostatic adsorption of cations by variable charge soils and the factors that may affect this type of adsorption are presented first. Then, the dissociation of adsorbed cations is discussed. Finally, the competitive adsorptions of potassium ions with sodium ions and of potassium ions with calcium ions are examined. According to the definition in physical chemistry, the concentration of solute in the surface layer of the solution is different from that in the interior of the bulk solution. If the concentration of solute in the surface layer is higher than that in the interior, the phenomenon is called adsorption. Conversely, it is called negative adsorption. In soil science, on the other hand, the heterogeneity in distribution of ions in soil colloidal systems is interpreted mainly in terms of electrostatic interactions occurring at the interface between soil colloidal particles and the liquid phase (Bear, 1964). Owing to adsorption or negative adsorption, the concentration of ions at the surface of soil colloidal particles or adjacent to the surface is higher or lower than that in the diffuse layer or the free solution.

scholarly journals An Analytical Model of the Response of the Meridional Overturning Circulation to Changes in Wind and Buoyancy Forcing

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum J. Shakespeare ◽  
Andrew McC. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Surface Buoyancy ◽  
Surface Layer Thickness

Abstract An analytical model of the full-depth ocean stratification and meridional overturning circulation for an idealized Atlantic basin with a circumpolar channel is presented. The model explicitly describes the ocean response to both Southern Ocean winds and the global pattern and strength of prescribed surface buoyancy fluxes. The construction of three layers, defined by the two isopycnals of overturning extrema, allows the description of circulation and stratification in both the upper and abyssal ocean. The system is fully solved in the adiabatic limit to yield scales for the surface layer thickness, buoyancies of each layer, and overturning magnitudes. The analytical model also allows scaling of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport. The veracity of the three-layer framework and derived scales is confirmed by applying the analytical model to an idealized geometry, eddy-permitting ocean general circulation model. Consistent with previous results, the abyssal overturning is found to scale inversely with wind stress, whereas the North Atlantic overturning and surface-layer thickness scale linearly with wind stress. In terms of the prescribed surface buoyancy fluxes, increased negative fluxes (buoyancy removal) in the North Atlantic increase the North Atlantic overturning and surface-layer thickness, whereas increased positive fluxes in the middle and low latitudes lead to a decrease in both parameters. Increased negative surface buoyancy fluxes to the south of Drake Passage increase the abyssal overturning and reduce the abyssal buoyancy. The ACC transport scales to first order with the sum of the Ekman transport and the abyssal overturning and thus increases with both wind stress and southern surface buoyancy flux magnitude.

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