Apoptosis: identification by a critical electrolyte concentration method

APOPTOSIS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Vidal ◽  
L. F. Barbisan ◽  
S. S. Maria ◽  
J. Russo ◽  
M. L. S. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Concentration Method

scholarly journals Discrimination of the nucleolus by a critical electrolyte concentration method.

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA LUIZA S. MELLO ◽  
BENEDICTO DE CAMPOS VIDAL ◽  
MARLY M. DANTAS ◽  
ANA L. P. MONTEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Concentration Method

scholarly journals Dermatan sulphate-rich proteoglycan associates with rat tail-tendon collagen at the d band in the gap region

1981 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Scott ◽  
C R Orford
Keyword(s):  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Collagen Molecules ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Rat Tail ◽  
Tendon Collagen

Rat tail tendon was stained with a cationic phthalocyanin dye, Cupromeronic Blue, in a ‘critical-electrolyte-concentration’ method [Scott (1980) Biochem. J. 187, 887-891] specifically to demonstrate proteoglycan by electron microscopy. Hyaluronidase digestion in the presence of proteinase inhibitors corroborated the results. Collagen was stained with uranyl acetate and/or phosphotungstic acid to demonstrate the banding pattern a-e in the D period. Proteoglycan was distributed about the collagen fibrils in an orthogonal array, the transverse elements of which were located almost exclusively at the d band, in the gap zone. The proteoglycan may inhibit (1) fibril radial growth by accretion of collagen molecules or fibril fusion, through interference with cross-linking, and (2) calcification by occupying the holes in the gap region later to be filled with hydroxyapatite.

scholarly journals Collagen–proteoglycan interactions. Localization of proteoglycans in tendon by electron microscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Scott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Extended Space ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Filamentous Material ◽  
Rat Tail

Proteoglycan in foetal- and adult-rat tail tendon and adult-rabbit achilles tendon was stained for electron microscopy with a cationic phthalocyanin-like dye, based on cinchomeronic acid, in a ‘critical electrolyte concentration’ method [Scott (1973) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1, 787-806). Provided that the tissue was fixed with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde, regular orthogonal perifibrillar arrays of filamentous material (proteoglycan) were observed, but no intra-fibrillar proteoglycan was seen. Specific proteoglycan-collagen interactions are inferred, and a model is proposed. Without fixation, the filamentous arrays disaggregated in the MgCl2 solutions (0.3 M) used during staining. End-to-end proteoglycan aggregation is implied. Tendon and cartilage are compared. Problems of electron-histochemical localization of extended space-filling polyanions by the use of cationic electron-dense precipitants are discussed, particularly polyanion-domain collapse, specificity of staining and fixation. A two-stage staining procedure that markedly enhances contrast is described, based on the multivalent nature of the dye, and the consequent anion-exchange properties of the dye-polyanion complex.

Cytochemical Specializations on the Luminal Surface of Blood Vessels in the Developing Rat Central Nervous System

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
R. S. Hannah ◽  
T. H. Rosenquist
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

Developing blood vessels in the rat central nervous system exhibit several unusual luminal features. Hannah (1975) used high voltage electron microscopy to demonstrate numerous ridges of endothelium, some near junctional complexes. The ridges produced troughs (which may appear as depressions) in the endothelial surface. In some areas ridges extended over the troughs, removing them from direct contact with the luminal surface. At no time were the troughs observed to penetrate the basal laminae. Fingerlike projections also extended into the lumina.To determine whether any chemical specializations accompanied the unusual morphological features of the luminal surface, we added 0.1% Alcian blue (Behnke and Zelander, 1970) to the 3% glutaraldehyde perfusate (cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4). After Alcian blue had reacted with the luminal glycocalyces, the dye was dissociated with MgCl2 via critical electrolyte concentration method of Scott and Dorling (1965). When these methods are applied together, it is possible to differentiate mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans or GAG) with the electron microscope.

Study on the influence on the formation of highly ordered porous anodic aluminia membrane

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Pong-Sik ◽  
Ryang Se-Hun ◽  
Sin Gum-Chol ◽  
Hwang Guk-Nam ◽  
yongson hong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Aao Template ◽  
Alumina Template ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electrochemical Mechanism ◽  
Porous Anodic Alumina Template ◽  
Ordered Porous ◽  
Anodic Alumina Template ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have studied porous anodic alumina template through the second anodic oxidation of preparation. Observing the morphology of nanoscale AAO template using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the results indicate that the pores are orderly paralleled arranged with uniform pore diameter, perpendicular to the template surface. A detailed study of the influence of different oxidation conditions, such as different type of electrolyte, concentration, voltage and temperature on the template of alumina and its electrochemical mechanism were performed. By changing the oxidation voltage, electrolyte type, concentration, pore diameter and template thickness can be altered in a wide range such that we can obtain the desired aspect ratio. <br>

Chemical Transformation of Fe, Air & Water to Ammonia: Variation of Reaction Rate with Temperature, Pressure, Alkalinity and Iron

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Peng ◽  
Fang-Fang Li ◽  
Xinye Liu ◽  
Jiawen Ren ◽  
jessica stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Iron Particle ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Alkaline Reaction

The rate of ammonia production by the <u>chemical </u>oxidation of iron, N<sub>2</sub>(from air or as pure nitrogen) and water is studied as a function of (1) iron particle size, (2) iron concentration, (3) temperature, (4) pressureand (5) concentration of the alkaline reaction medium. The reaction meduium consists of an aqueous solution of equal molal concentrations of NaOH and KOH (Na<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>OH). We had previously reported on the <u>chemical </u>reaction of iron and nitrogen in alkaline medium to ammonia as an intermediate step in the <u>electrochemical </u>synthesis of ammonia by a nano-sized iron oxide electrocatlyst. Here, the intermediate <u>chemical </u>reaction step is exclusively explored. The ammonia production rate increases with temperature (from 20 to 250°C), pressure (from 1 atm to 15 atm of air or N<sub>2</sub>), and exhibits a maximum rate at an electrolyte concentration of 8 molal Na<sub>0,5</sub>K<sub>0,5</sub>OH in a sealed N<sub>2</sub>reactor. 1-3 µm particle size Fe drive the highest observed ammonia production reaction rate. The Fe mass normalized rate of ammonia production increases with decreasing added mass of the Fe reactant reaching a maximum observed rate of 2.2x10<sup>-4</sup>mole of NH<sub>3</sub>h<sup>-1</sup>g<sup>-1</sup>for the reaction of 0.1 g of 1-3 µm Fe in 200°C 8 molal Na<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>OH at 15 atm. Under these conditions 5.1 wt% of the iron reacts to form NH<sub>3</sub>via the reaction N<sub>2</sub>+ 2Fe + 3H<sub>2</sub>O ®2NH<sub>3</sub>+ Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.

INVESTIGATIONOF CONCENTRATION METHOD OF SCANDIUM-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (438) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Nikolai Sergeevich Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Nurlan Maratovich Shokobayev ◽  
Iskander Yersayanovich Adelbayev ◽  
Arlan Zainutallaevich Abilmagzhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Method
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