scholarly journals Collagen–proteoglycan interactions. Localization of proteoglycans in tendon by electron microscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Scott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Extended Space ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Filamentous Material ◽  
Rat Tail

Proteoglycan in foetal- and adult-rat tail tendon and adult-rabbit achilles tendon was stained for electron microscopy with a cationic phthalocyanin-like dye, based on cinchomeronic acid, in a ‘critical electrolyte concentration’ method [Scott (1973) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1, 787-806). Provided that the tissue was fixed with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde, regular orthogonal perifibrillar arrays of filamentous material (proteoglycan) were observed, but no intra-fibrillar proteoglycan was seen. Specific proteoglycan-collagen interactions are inferred, and a model is proposed. Without fixation, the filamentous arrays disaggregated in the MgCl2 solutions (0.3 M) used during staining. End-to-end proteoglycan aggregation is implied. Tendon and cartilage are compared. Problems of electron-histochemical localization of extended space-filling polyanions by the use of cationic electron-dense precipitants are discussed, particularly polyanion-domain collapse, specificity of staining and fixation. A two-stage staining procedure that markedly enhances contrast is described, based on the multivalent nature of the dye, and the consequent anion-exchange properties of the dye-polyanion complex.

scholarly journals Dermatan sulphate-rich proteoglycan associates with rat tail-tendon collagen at the d band in the gap region

1981 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Scott ◽  
C R Orford
Keyword(s):  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Collagen Molecules ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Rat Tail ◽  
Tendon Collagen

Rat tail tendon was stained with a cationic phthalocyanin dye, Cupromeronic Blue, in a ‘critical-electrolyte-concentration’ method [Scott (1980) Biochem. J. 187, 887-891] specifically to demonstrate proteoglycan by electron microscopy. Hyaluronidase digestion in the presence of proteinase inhibitors corroborated the results. Collagen was stained with uranyl acetate and/or phosphotungstic acid to demonstrate the banding pattern a-e in the D period. Proteoglycan was distributed about the collagen fibrils in an orthogonal array, the transverse elements of which were located almost exclusively at the d band, in the gap zone. The proteoglycan may inhibit (1) fibril radial growth by accretion of collagen molecules or fibril fusion, through interference with cross-linking, and (2) calcification by occupying the holes in the gap region later to be filled with hydroxyapatite.

Some observations on the fine structure of elastoidin

1977 ◽  
Vol 195 (1120) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Long Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Rat Tail ◽  
Tendon Collagen

Electron microscopy of positively stained elastoidin reveals a fine struc­ture apparently identical with that of the collagen of rat tail tendon. The negatively stained pattern is clearly related to that of the collagen but differs from it; it resembles that of artificially cross-linked collagens more. X-ray diffraction fails to find evidence of any long range lateral order in the arrangement of molecules within the elastoidin. The interest­ing splitting of the meridional pattern upon drying is re-reported and its possible origins discussed. Some discussion of fibrillogenesis is presented based on a comparison of rat tail tendon collagen and elastoidin.

Scanning electron microscopy of rat tail tendon collagen

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dell'Orbo ◽  
D. Quacci ◽  
M. Raspanti ◽  
A. Riva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Rat Tail ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Tendon Collagen

scholarly journals Chromatographic Fractionation of Acetic Acid-solubilized Rat Tail Tendon Collagen

1960 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-994
Author(s):  
Alexander Kessler ◽  
Hyman Rosen ◽  
Stanley M. Levenson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Fractionation ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Rat Tail ◽  
Tendon Collagen

A Method of Maintaining Parenchymal Cells from Adult Rat Liver In Vitro

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
J. ALWEN ◽  
JENNIFER J. GALLHAI-ATCHARD
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

A method for preparing suspensions of adult rat hepatocytes suitable for maintenance in vitro is described. Cultures were established from the cell suspensions by the squash technique. Cells were examined by light and electron microscopy; histochemically for glycogen, bile, lipid and glucose-6-phosphatase; and by autoradiography for DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Hepatocytes could be maintained in vitro for at least 3 days and began to aggregate after 1 day. Uridine and leucine were incorporated, but not thymidine. Cultures consisted mainly of hepatocytes, though reticulo-endothelial cells were sometimes present.

Polarization-dependent optical second-harmonic imaging of a rat-tail tendon

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Stoller ◽  
Beop-Min Kim ◽  
Alexander M. Rubenchik ◽  
Karen M. Reiser ◽  
Luiz B. Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Harmonic Imaging ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Rat Tail

scholarly journals Dynamic Process of Apoptosis in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes Analyzed Using 48-Hour Videomicroscopy and Electron Microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumi Maruyama ◽  
Genzou Takemura ◽  
Takuma Aoyama ◽  
Kenji Hayakawa ◽  
Masahiko Koda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Rat Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Adult Rat

scholarly journals A damage model for collagen fibres with an application to collagenous soft tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2236) ◽  
pp. 20190821
Author(s):  
Gerhard A. Holzapfel ◽  
Ray W. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Physiological Loading ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Complex Boundary ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Similar Basis ◽  
Rat Tail

We propose a mechanical model to account for progressive damage in collagen fibres within fibrous soft tissues. The model has a similar basis to the pseudoelastic model that describes the Mullins effect in rubber but it also accounts for the effect of cross-links between collagen fibres. We show that the model is able to capture experimental data obtained from rat tail tendon fibres, and the combined effect of damage and collagen cross-links is illustrated for a simple shear test. The proposed three-dimensional framework allows a straightforward implementation in finite-element codes, which are needed to analyse more complex boundary-value problems for soft tissues under supra-physiological loading or tissues weakened by disease.

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