Replication of basal bodies and ciliogenesis in a ciliated epithelium of the lamprey

1982 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium

MOTION ACTIVITY OF AIRWAY CILIATED EPITHELIUM IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Михаил Луценко ◽  
Mikhail Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Bronchial Mucosa ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Motion Activity ◽  
Mucociliary System

At asthma in bronchial mucous tunic as a result of chronic inflammatory process the working of mucociliary system is disturbed and there is restructuring of epithelial layer. The number of ciliary cells at the severe form of asthma decreases till 70%. The reason of restructuring of ciliated epithelium is the accumulation of a big number of fatty acids peroxides in the mucous tunic. Under their influence there is a decrease of activity of succinate dehydrogenase and ATP in the basal bodies of ciliary cells. Under the severe form of asthma there is a suppression of activity of mucociliary clearance as a result of destruction of a big number of bronchial mucosa ciliated cells.

scholarly journals Planar polarization of cilia in the zebrafish floor-plate involves Par3-mediated posterior localization of highly motile basal bodies

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Donati ◽  
Isabelle Anselme ◽  
Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury ◽  
Christine Vesque
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
Membrane Contacts ◽  
Apical Junctions

Epithelial cilia, whether motile or primary, often display an off-centered planar localization within the apical cell surface. This form of planar cell polarity (PCP) involves the asymmetric positioning of the ciliary basal body (BB). Using the mono-ciliated epithelium of the embryonic zebrafish floor-plate, we investigated the dynamics and mechanisms of BB polarization by live-imaging. BBs were highly motile, making back-and-forth movements along the antero-posterior axis and contacting both the anterior and posterior membranes. Contacts exclusively occurred at junctional Par3 patches and were often preceded by membrane digitations extending towards the BB, suggesting focused cortical pulling forces. Accordingly, BBs and Par3 patches were linked by dynamic microtubules. Later, BBs became less motile and eventually settled at posterior apical junctions enriched in Par3. BB posterior positioning followed Par3 posterior enrichment and was impaired upon Par3 depletion or disorganization of Par3 patches. In the PCP mutant Vangl2, BBs were still motile but displayed poorly-oriented membrane contacts that correlated with Par3 patch fragmentation and lateral spreading. We propose an unexpected function for posterior Par3 enrichment in controlling BB positioning downstream of the PCP pathway.

scholarly journals Planar polarization of cilia in the zebrafish floor-plate involves Par3-mediated posterior localization of highly motile basal bodies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Donati ◽  
Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury ◽  
Christine Vesque
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Directional Flow ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
Planar Orientation

ABSTRACTTo produce a directional flow, ciliated epithelia display a uniform orientation of ciliary beating. Oriented beating requires planar cell polarity (PCP), which leads to planar orientation and asymmetric positioning of the ciliary basal body (BB) along the polarity axis. We took advantage of the polarized mono-ciliated epithelium of the embryonic zebrafish floor plate to investigate by live-imaging the dynamics and mechanisms of BB polarization. We showed that BBs, although bearing a cilium, were highly motile along the antero-posterior axis. BBs contacted both the anterior and the posterior membranes, with a bias towards posterior contacts from early somitogenesis on. Contacts exclusively occurred at junctional Par3 local enrichments or “patches” and were often preceded by transient membrane digitations extending towards the BB, suggesting focused cortical pulling forces. Accordingly, BBs and Par3 patches were linked by dynamic microtubules. We showed that Par3 became posteriorly enriched prior to BB posterior positioning and that floor plate polarization was impaired upon Par3 patches disruption triggered by Par3 or aPKC overexpression. In the PCP mutant Vangl2, where floor plate cells fail to polarize, we observed that BB were still motile but presented behavioral defects, such as ectopic contacts with lateral membranes that correlated with Par3 patch fragmentation and spreading to lateral membranes. Our data lead us to propose an unexpected function for posterior local Par3 enrichment in controlling BB asymmetric positioning downstream of the PCP pathway via a microtubule capture/shrinkage mechanism.

Ciliary coordination in newt lung cells requires microtubule-based linkages between basal bodies: A correlative light and EM study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
Robert Hard ◽  
Gerald Rupp ◽  
Matthew L. Withiam-Leitch ◽  
Lisa Cardamone
Keyword(s):  
Basal Body ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliated Cells

In a coordinated field of beating cilia, the direction of the power stroke is correlated with the orientation of basal body appendages, called basal feet. In newt lung ciliated cells, adjacent basal feet are interconnected by cold-stable microtubules (basal MTs). In the present study, we investigate the hypothesis that these basal MTs stabilize ciliary distribution and alignment. To accomplish this, newt lung primary cultures were treated with the microtubule disrupting agent, Colcemid. In newt lung cultures, cilia normally disperse in a characteristic fashion as the mucociliary epithelium migrates from the tissue explant. Four arbitrary, but progressive stages of dispersion were defined and used to monitor this redistribution process. Ciliaiy beat frequency, coordination, and dispersion were assessed for 91 hrs in untreated (control) and treated cultures. When compared to controls, cilia dispersed more rapidly and ciliary coordination decreased markedly in cultures treated with Colcemid (2 mM). Correlative LM/EM was used to assess whether these effects of Colcemid were coupled to ultrastructural changes. Living cells were defined as having coordinated or uncoordinated cilia and then were processed for transmission EM.

scholarly journals Functional Redundancy of the B9 Proteins and Nephrocystins in Caenorhabditis elegans Ciliogenesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2154-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. Williams ◽  
Marlene E. Winkelbauer ◽  
Jenny C. Schafer ◽  
Edward J. Michaud ◽  
Bradley K. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Cystic Kidney ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Cilia Formation ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Candidate Loci

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS), nephronophthisis (NPHP), and Joubert syndrome (JBTS) are a group of heterogeneous cystic kidney disorders with partially overlapping loci. Many of the proteins associated with these diseases interact and localize to cilia and/or basal bodies. One of these proteins is MKS1, which is disrupted in some MKS patients and contains a B9 motif of unknown function that is found in two other mammalian proteins, B9D2 and B9D1. Caenorhabditis elegans also has three B9 proteins: XBX-7 (MKS1), TZA-1 (B9D2), and TZA-2 (B9D1). Herein, we report that the C. elegans B9 proteins form a complex that localizes to the base of cilia. Mutations in the B9 genes do not overtly affect cilia formation unless they are in combination with a mutation in nph-1 or nph-4, the homologues of human genes (NPHP1 and NPHP4, respectively) that are mutated in some NPHP patients. Our data indicate that the B9 proteins function redundantly with the nephrocystins to regulate the formation and/or maintenance of cilia and dendrites in the amphid and phasmid ciliated sensory neurons. Together, these data suggest that the human homologues of the novel B9 genes B9D2 and B9D1 will be strong candidate loci for pathologies in human MKS, NPHP, and JBTS.

Reepithelialization of Orthotopic Tracheal Allografts Prevents Rejection after Withdrawal of Immunosuppression

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Govindaraj ◽  
Elena Fedorova ◽  
Eric M. Genden ◽  
Houtan Chaboki ◽  
Jonathan S. Bromberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Cellular Infiltrate ◽  
Tracheal Transplantation

Prior work has demonstrated that immunosuppressed orthotopic tracheal allografts undergo progressive reepithelialization over a 48-day period with recipient-derived tracheal epithelium. We hypothesized that reepithelialization of tracheal allografts would prevent rejection after withdrawal of immunosuppression. BALB/c murine tracheal grafts were transplanted orthotopically into either syngeneic or allogeneic C57/BL6 recipients. The recipients were either not immunosuppressed, immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg per day) continuously, or immunosuppressed for 48 days and then withdrawn from immunosuppression. The grafts were assessed for acute and chronic rejection 10 days and 50 days after immunosuppression withdrawal. The immunosuppressed allograft recipients maintained a ciliated epithelium acutely and chronically after immunosuppression withdrawal. Ten days after immunosuppression withdrawal, there was a mild cellular infiltrate, which resolved 50 days after withdrawal. Electron microscopy, lymphocyte subpopulation assays, and lamina propria analysis demonstrated that immunosuppression withdrawal did not result in tracheal allograft rejection. In vitro and in vivo assessments did not demonstrate evidence of systemic or local immune tolerance. We conclude that reepithelialization of orthotopic tracheal allografts with recipient-derived mucosa prevents rejection of allograft segments. Tracheal transplantation may require only transient immunosuppression, which can be withdrawn after tracheal reepithelialization.

scholarly journals An ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (EPTA) analysis of photoreceptor and synaptic ultrastructure in the guinea pig retina.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Fry ◽  
A W Spira
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Synaptic Terminal ◽  
Presynaptic Membrane ◽  
Synaptic Ultrastructure ◽  
Plexiform Layers

Ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (EPTA) has been used to elucidate the structure of certain organelles contained within retinal cells not clearly discernible using conventional preparations. Both synaptic and nonsynaptic components of the guinea pig neural retina have been analyzed. Within the photoreceptor (PR) cell EPTA-stained components include the connecting cilia, their basal bodies, and the root filament system. Cross-striated fibrillar organelles, similar in appearance to the root filaments, are also observed in the nuclear region, the synaptic terminal and other parts of the PR cell. The possible structural continuity and significance of these structures are discussed. Within retinal synapses of both the inner and outer plexiform layers, ribbons and associated paramembranous specializations are stained. The photoreceptor ribbons have a trialaminar structure with filamentous, tufted borders. Synaptic cleft material and postsynaptic densities are also stained. Bipolar cell synapses in the inner plexiform layer contain stained short ribbons as well as closely associated peg-like densities extending towards the presynaptic membrane.

scholarly journals MWCNT causes extensive damage to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea of rodents

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruya Ohba ◽  
Jiegou Xu ◽  
David B. Alexander ◽  
Akane Yamada ◽  
Jun Kanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Extensive Damage

scholarly journals The centrin-based cytoskeleton of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: distribution in interphase and mitotic cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Salisbury ◽  
A T Baron ◽  
M A Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Flagellar Apparatus ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Flagellar Roots ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Immunofluorescence Studies ◽  
Descending Fibers

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against algal centrin, a protein of algal striated flagellar roots, were used to characterize the occurrence and distribution of this protein in interphase and mitotic Chlamydomonas cells. Chlamydomonas centrin, as identified by Western immunoblot procedures, is a low molecular (20,000-Mr) acidic protein. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling demonstrates that centrin is a component of the distal fiber. In addition, centrin-based flagellar roots link the flagellar apparatus to the nucleus. Two major descending fibers extend from the basal bodies toward the nucleus; each descending fiber branches several times giving rise to 8-16 fimbria which surround and embrace the nucleus. Immunogold labeling indicates that these fimbria are juxtaposed to the outer nuclear envelope. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the centrin-based linkage between the flagellar apparatus and the nucleus is contractile, both in vitro and in living Chlamydomonas cells (Wright, R. L., J. Salisbury, and J. Jarvik. 1985. J. Cell Biol. 101:1903-1912; Salisbury, J. L., M. A. Sanders, and L. Harpst. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:1799-1805). Immunofluorescence studies show dramatic changes in distribution of the centrin-based system during mitosis that include a transient contraction at preprophase; division, separation, and re-extension during prophase; and a second transient contraction at the metaphase/anaphase boundary. These observations suggest a fundamental role for centrin in motile events during mitosis.

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