Growth and cytopathic effects of rubella virus in primary rabbit tissue culture

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. McCarthy ◽  
C. H. Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Rabbit Tissue ◽  
Primary Rabbit

RUBELLA VIRUS IN TISSUE-CULTURE

The Lancet ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 264 (6848) ◽  
pp. 1107-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rubella Virus

scholarly journals Virus-Like Particles and Cytopathic Activity in Urine of Patients with Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD P. AMES ◽  
JOSEPH T. SOBOTA ◽  
REGINALD L. REAGAN ◽  
MYRON KARON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Culture Activity ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract Urine pellet material of patients with leukemia was examined by electron microscopy in an effort to find more convenient sources of virus material for tissue culture and animal infectivity studies. Thirty urine specimens from 16 patients with acute leukemia, 2 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia and 1 patient with Burkitt’s lymphoma, and 17 urine samples from 15 control patients were examined. Virus-like particles were observed in 7 of the 16 patients with acute leukemia, 1 of the 2 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, and 1 of the 15 controls. Although these particles showed slight morphologic differences, many were similar in ultrastructure and in density gradient characteristics to the virus particles observed in murine leukemia and to the particles seen by other workers in plasma and tissues of patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Cytopathic effects on WI-38 fibroblasts were observed in urine from 3 patients with leukemia. These effects resembled cytomegalovirus infection, but confirmatory tests were not carried out. Whether the virus-like particles demonstrated by electron microscopy in this study are responsible for the cytopathic effects is at present uncertain. The correlation of a morphologic structure with tissue culture activity cannot be answered until suitable in vitro assay and transformation systems are developed to purify and test these particles. This study suggests that urine may serve as a convenient source for the study and development of such test systems using the electron microscope to correlate structure with biologic activity.

A micro tissue culture test for the titration and neutralization of rubella virus

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Furesz ◽  
Pierre Moreau ◽  
Walter Yarosh
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Fetal Calf Serum ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Virus Titration ◽  
One Step ◽  
Microneutralization Test

A simple and reproducible micro tissue culture assay has been devised in RK13 and LLC-RK1 rabbit kidney cells for the titration and neutralization of rubella virus. In this "one-step" assay all virus and serum dilutions were prepared with spiral loops in disposable microplates and tissue cultures suspended in medium 199 and 3% horse or fetal calf serum were added to the microcups simultaneously. Micro tissue cultures were kept in a humidified incubator (36 °C) under a constant pressure of 5% CO2 for 8 days and were read microscopically for viral cytopathic changes on the seventh and eighth day. The microneutralization test performed in LLC-RK1 cell cultures was shown to be a reliable method for the detection of small amounts of rubella antibodies in human sera.The micro assay may be also applied to the virus titration of live, attenuated rubella vaccines.

Concentration and purification of rubella virus hemagglutinin by hollow fiber ultrafiltration and sucrose density centrifugation

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trudel ◽  
P. Payment
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Molecular Weight Cutoff

Large volumes of rubella virus were produced in Vero cell monolayers which were grown in the Corbeil-Bellco TM system. Infectious tissue culture fluids were concentrated at least 600 times in less than 4 h by ultrafiltration on hollow fibers with a molecular weight cutoff of 100 000. Recovery of the hemagglutinating activity was 75%. Rubella virus was purified by three successive sucrose density gradient centrifugations using a combination of discontinuous and linear gradients. Specific activity was increased 1000-fold.

scholarly journals Electron Microscope Observations of Rubella Virus in Tissue Culture Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chatterji ◽  
T. S. L. Beswick ◽  
J. A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells

THE CONTROL OF RUBELLA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Harry M. Meyer ◽  
Paul D. Parkman ◽  
Hope E. Hopps
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Kidney Cell ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Embryo Cell ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
African Green Monkey Kidney ◽  
Attenuated Virus ◽  
Primary Rabbit

An attenuated strain of rubella virus was established by passage of the virus in primary African green monkey kidney cell cultures (GMK). In the first rubella vaccine clinical trial with seventy-seventh passage GMK material, none of eight inoculated children evidenced rubella-like illness and all developed antibody. The vaccine-induced infections were not transmitted to intimate contacts. Trials with large numbers of children confirmed the early findings of safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. The second successfully attenuated virus, the Benoit strain, was developed by Hilleman and co-workers by adapting low GMK passages of virus to duck embryo cell cultures (DE). The Benoit strain, tested at several levels of tissue culture passage, designated A, B, C, D, and E, served as a clear demonstration of how rubella virus is modified by passage in mammalian or avian cells. Vaccines prepared from A and B level materials were not suitable, since they were either communicable or produced rubella-like symptoms. The C and D level materials were attenuated, but the higher passaged E level vaccine was termed "over-attenuated" since it induced antibody in only 60% of the vaccinees. More recently, the Cendehill strain, attenuated in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures (RK) and the RA 27/3 strain, attenuated in WI-38 cells, have been tested clinically. Vaccines which are now being produced by biologics manufacturers and considered candidates for license in the United States are: the HPV-77 strain passed 5 times in DE(HPV-77, DE5); the HPV-77 strain passed 12 times in dog kidney (DK) cell cultures (HPV-77, DK12), and the Cendehill strain passed 4 times in GMK and 53 times in RK (Cendehill GMK 4, RK 53). With each of these vaccines, antibody was detected in 90 to 100% of recipients. Fully attenuated rubella virus vaccines have not produced significant clinical reactions in children. However, mild rubella-like symptoms have been observed in adult women receiving vaccine; transient rashes, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and arthritis have been observed. Since the risk of spread of attenuated virus to the fetus in vaccinated women cannot be readily determined, the use of the vaccine during pregnancy would be potentially hazardous. Intranasal challenge of HPV-77 vaccinees with natural rubella virus demonstrated that vaccine-induced antibodies were protective against the clinical and virologic manifestations of rubella. Observation of vaccinated children over a 3-year period has demonstrated little evidence of a decline in the antibodies.

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