The stimulatory action of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the flexor reflex of the hind limb in the spinal rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Przegaliński ◽  
A. Rawłów
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Flexor Reflex

Bradykinin-induced flexor reflex of rat hind-limb for evaluating various analgesic drugs

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Satoh ◽  
Shin-Ichi Kawajiri ◽  
Kimiko Smshido ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Analgesic Drugs

ROLE OF CYCLIC AMP IN OOCYTE MATURATION AND GLYCOLYSIS IN THE PRE-OVULATORY RAT FOLLICLE

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Hillensjö ◽  
Carl Ekholm ◽  
Kurt Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stimulatory Action

ABSTRACT This study was undertaken in order to analyse the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the stimulatory action of LH on the resumption of oocyte meiosis (oocyte maturation) and follicular glycolysis. Follicular development was induced in immature rats by a single injection of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin. Pr-ovulatry follices were extirpated on the day before ovulation and incubated in a chemically defined medium for 4–10 h. The follicle-enclosed oocytes remained in the dictyate stage when incubated in hormone-free medium but in the presence of LH oocyte maturation was induced. When cAMP or butyryl derivatives of cAMP were added to the incubation medium no effect on the oocyte was seen. However, these nucleotides prevented the stimulatory action of LH on the oocytes. The phosphodiesterase inhibitors theophylline and IBMX had similar effects as cAMP on oocyte maturation, causing a reversible blockage of the LH effect. When 8-Br-cAMP and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor ICI 63.197 were tested it was found that both had inherent stimulatory effects on oocyte maturation at certain concentrations. Pre-incubation of the follicles in a high concentration of dibutyryl cAMP followed by transfer to plain medium resulted in oocyte maturation. Follicular lactate production was stimulated by all cyclic nucleotide derivatives tested, except cAMP, and by IBMX and ICI 63.197. There was no reduction by these agents of the stimulatory effect of LH on lactate production. A model to explain the role of cAMP in oocyte maturation is presented.

The influence of locomotion on flexor reflex of the hind limb in cat and man

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Lisin ◽  
S.I. Frankstein ◽  
M.B. Rechtmann
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Flexor Reflex

scholarly journals On the effects of constant galvanic currents upon the mammalian nerve-muscle and reflex preparations

1921 ◽  
Vol 92 (648) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Exact Data ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Nerve Muscle ◽  
Continuous Excitation ◽  
Mammalian Nerve

My experiments were to study the reflex effects resulting from stimulation by constant galvanic currents applied to an afferent nerve of the hind limb. The main points of enquiry have been: (1) the relation between reflex excitation and inhibition of the decerebrate tonus of the vasto-crureus; (2) whether the “excitation formula” (Pflüger’s law) holds good in mammalian afferent nerves; and (3) whether there is continuous excitation during the passage of the current through an afferent nerve. The reflex effects thus produced in the extensor muscle are complex and various, and are difficult to analyse without accurate knowledge of the results obtainable in the peripheral nerve-muscle and in the flexor reflex preparation. A few experiments were therefore made with these preparations, since the exact data required could not be obtained from the literature.

Depression of Collateral Blood Flow Following Arterial Thrombosis

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 0850-0862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Schaub ◽  
Ronald Sande ◽  
Kenneth M. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow ◽  
Serotonin Antagonist ◽  
Limb Perfusion ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Collateral Vessels ◽  
Iliac Bifurcation

SummaryPermanent ligation of the feline aorta at the iliac bifurcation is followed by rapid opening of pre-existing collateral blood vessels. However, if ligation is combined with formation of a clot, these protective collateral vessels do not function. This study was undertaken to determine if drugs which alter serotonin function can improve collateral blood flow after arterial thrombosis. Permanent ligations were placed at the iliac bifurcation, circumflex iliac and sixth lumbar arteries in all cats. A clot was produced in the aorta of 27 cats by injection of 0.1 ml of thromboplastin. Ligated clot-occluded cats were untreated (10); had blood serotonin depleted using a single dose of reserpine (0.1 mg/kg i. m.) followed by para-chlorophenylanine (p-CPA) (100 mg/kg orally) every 3 days (9) ; or were treated prior to surgery with a serotonin antagonist cinanserin HC1 (4 mg/kg i. v.) (8). Control cats (18) were acutely ligated. 9 of these cats were untreated, 5 were cinanserin HC1-treated, and 4 were reserpine/p-CPA-treated. Extent of collateral development was assessed by aortograms 3 days after occlusion and by neurologic rating. Aortograms of acutely ligated cats indicated a significant collateral blood flow around the segment of ligated aorta, while ligated clot-occluded cats had a severely depressed hind-limb perfusion. Reserpine/p-CPA-treated ligation clot-occluded cats had aortograms similar to acutely ligated cats. The cinanserin HC1-treated ligation clot-occluded cats had aortograms which indicated hind-limb perfusion was not as adequate as the acutely ligated cats. However, the perfusion of these animals was improved over untreated ligation clot-occluded cats. Neurologic rating correlated with aortograms. These results suggest: 1) the clinical consequences of arterial thrombosis cannot be entirely attributed to mechanical occlusion of an artery, but may be due to depression of protective collateral blood flow induced by thrombosis, 2) serotonin is an important factor in this depression of collateral blood flow, and 3) isolation of the factors responsible for collateral inhibition could permit the development of therapeutic interventions.

Effect of Cyclic AMP and Cyclic GMP on Thromboplastin (Factor III) Synthesis in Human Monocytes In Vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torstein Lyberg
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
A 23187

SummaryHuman monocytes in vitro respond to various agents (immune complexes, lectins, endotoxin, the divalent ionophore A 23187, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate [TPA], purified protein derivative [PPD] of Bacille Calmette-Guerin) with an increased synthesis of the protein component of thromboplastin. The effect of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on this response has been studied. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E1 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-butyl-1-methyl-xanthine (MIX) and rac -4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro 201724), separately and in combination have a pronounced inhibitory effect on the response to immune complexes and PPD, and a moderate effect on the response to endotoxin and lectins. The effect on TPA response and on the response to A 23187 was slight. Dibutyryl-cyclic GMP (1 mM) gave a slight inhibition of the TPA arid IC response, but had essentially no effect on the response to other inducers. The intracellular cAMP level increased when monocytes were incubated with IC, TPA or A 23187 followed by a decrease to basal levels within 1-2 hr, whereas lectin (PHA) and PPD did not induce such changes. The cAMP response to endotoxin varied. Stimulation with IC induced an increase in monocyte cGMP levels, whereas the other stimulants did not cause such changes.

Macroanatomical Structure of the Lumbosacral Plexus and its Branches in the Indigenous Duck

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Hussan ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
J Alam
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lumbar Plexus ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

The present study was carried out to determine the morphological structure and the branches of the lumbosacral plexus in the indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). Six mature indigenous ducks were used in this study. After administering an anesthetic to the birds, the body cavities were opened. The nerves of the lumbosacral plexus were dissected separately and photographed. The lumbosacral plexus consisted of lumbar and sacral plexus innervated to the hind limb. The lumbar plexus was formed by the union of three roots of spinal nerves that included last two and first sacral spinal nerve. Among three roots, second (middle) root was the highest in diameter and the last root was least in diameter. We noticed five branches of the lumbar plexus which included obturator, cutaneous femoral, saphenus, cranial coxal, and the femoral nerve. The six roots of spinal nerves, which contributed to form three trunks, formed the sacral plexus of duck. The three trunks united medial to the acetabular foramen and formed a compact, cylindrical bundle, the ischiatic nerve. The principal branches of the sacral plexus were the tibial and fibular nerves that together made up the ischiatic nerve. Other branches were the caudal coxal nerve, the caudal femoral cutaneous nerve and the muscular branches. This study was the first work on the lumbosacral plexus of duck and its results may serve as a basis for further investigation on this subject.

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