Ability of the opiate ?-agonist bremazocine to facilitate the flexor reflex of the right hind limb in spinal rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
V. L. Tsibul'skii ◽  
A. G. Kobylyanskii ◽  
G. Ya. Bakalkin
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Opiate Agonist

scholarly journals Improved hematopoiesis in anemic Sl/Sld mice by splenectomy and therapeutic transplantation of a hematopoietic microenvironment

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1144-1151
Author(s):  
P Anklesaria ◽  
TJ FitzGerald ◽  
K Kase ◽  
A Ohara ◽  
JS Greenberger
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cell ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell Line ◽  
The Right

The ability of a clonal hematopoiesis-supportive bone-marrow stromal cell line GBlneor to engraft and alter the microenvironment-induced anemia of Sl/Sld mice was studied. Prior to stromal cell transplantation, Sl/Sld mice received 1 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and 13 Gy to the right hind limb. Two months after intravenous (IV) injection of 5 x 10(5) GBlneor cells, 54.4% +/- 17.0% donor origin (G418r) colony-forming cells were recovered from the right hind limb of Sl/Sld mice. Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) established from GBlneor-transplanted mice produced 189.5 CFU-GEMM-forming progenitors/flask over 10 weeks compared with 52.7 +/- 6.2 CFU-GEMM forming progenitors/flask from irradiated nontransplanted Sl/Sld mice. A partial correction of macrocytic anemia was detected 2 months after GBlneor transplantation in splenectomized, irradiated Sl/Sld mice (HgB 7.2 +/- 0.4 g/dL; MCV 68.3 +/- 7.0 fL) compared to splenectomized, irradiated, nontransplanted Sl/Sld mice (HgB 5.5 +/- 1.1 g/dL; MCV 76 +/- 8.5 fL) or control Sl/Sld mice (HgB 5.4 +/- 0.5 g/dL; MCV 82.4 +/- 1.3 fL). Mean RBC volume distribution analysis showed a 2.5-fold increase in percentage of peripheral blood RBCs with MCV less than or equal to 45 fL and confirmed reduction of the MCV in splenectomized- GBlneor-transplanted mice compared to control Sl/Sld mice. A hematopoiesis-suppressive clonal stromal cell line derived from LTBMCs of Sl/Sld mice (Sldneor) engrafted as effectively (43.5% +/- 1.2% G418r CFU-F/limb) as did GBlneor cells (38.3% +/- 0.16% G418r CFU-F/limb) to the irradiated right hind limbs of C57Bl/6 mice. LTBMCs established after 2 or 6 months from Sldneor-transplanted mice showed decreased hematopoiesis (182 +/- 12 [2 months] and 3494.3 +/- 408.1 [6 months] CFU-GEMM forming progenitors/flask over 10 weeks) compared to those established from GBlneor-transplanted mice (5980 +/- 530 [2 months] and 7728 +/- 607, [6 months] CFU-GEMM progenitors forming/flask). Thus, transplantation of clonal bone-marrow stromal cell lines in vivo can stably transfer their physiologic properties to normal or mutant mice.

49-Month Survival Following Caval Venectomy Without Nephrectomy in a Dog with a Pheochromocytoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre J. Guillaumot ◽  
Dominique Heripret ◽  
Bernard M. Bouvy ◽  
Gilbert Christiaens ◽  
Agnes Poujade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Limb Edema ◽  
Thrombus Removal ◽  
The Right

An 11 yr old spayed female Labrador retriever was diagnosed with a right adrenal tumor. At surgery, adhesions to the right kidney were dissected, allowing the right kidney to be preserved. The tumor showed extensive invasion into the suprarenal vena cava. It was felt that thrombus removal via venotomy could not be performed. Instead, the vena cava was ligated caudal to the liver and cranial to the right renal vein. The neoplastic gland was then excised en bloc together with the portion of the invaded caudal vena cava. Hind limb edema had developed preoperatively and increased transiently in the first days postoperatively. The animal was discharged 6 days postoperatively with no other clinical disorders, and hind limb edema resolved over time. Histopathology identified a pheochromocytoma. The dog died 49 mo later. A neoplastic thrombus of the vena cava may require venotomy to allow thrombus removal. Occasionally, removal of the thrombus by venotomy may prove impossible. In such a situation, en bloc removal of the concerned portion of the vena cava may be performed with a good long-term outcome provided that gradual occlusion of the vena cava by the thrombus has allowed time for collateral circulation to develop.

scholarly journals Effect of Autologous Platelet Rich Fibrin on the Healing of Experimental Articular Cartilage Defects of the Knee in an Animal Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Kazemi ◽  
Ashraf Fakhrjou ◽  
Vahid Mirzazadeh Dizaji ◽  
Majid Khanzadeh Alishahi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Autologous Platelet

The effect of autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a second generation platelet product, on the healing of experimental articular cartilage lesions was evaluated in an animal model. Full thickness cartilage lesions with a diameter of 6 mm and depth of 5 mm were created in the weight bearing area of femoral condyles of both hind limbs in 12 adult mixed breed dogs. Defects in the left hind limb of each dog were repaired by PRF implantation whereas those in the right hind limb were left empty. The animals were euthanized at 4, 16, and 24 weeks following surgery and the resultant repair tissue was investigated macroscopically and microscopically. The results of macroscopic and histological evaluations indicated that there were significant differences between the PRF treated and untreated defects. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the use of platelet rich fibrin as a source of autologous growth factors leads to improvement in articular cartilage repair.

scholarly journals Tenorrhaphy of the Common Calcaneal Tendon in Dogs and Cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
ísis Dos Santos Dal-Bó ◽  
Cássio Ricardo Auada Ferrigno ◽  
Aline Schafrum Macedo ◽  
Fernanda Paes ◽  
Jaqueline França Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Bovine Pericardium ◽  
Calcaneal Tendon ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Locking Screw

Background: Common calcaneal tendon (CCT) is usually affected by injuries in dogs and less frequently in cats. The Achilles mechanism consists of the convergence of three distinct structures: the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle, superficial digital flexor muscle and the common tendons of the biceps femoris, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles. Classification of lesions is based upon their location, severity and chronicity. Clinical signs include lameness, plantigrade stance and various degrees of tarsal hyperflexion according to the injury’s severity. The purpose of this study is to report four cases of reconstruction of the common calcaneus in three dogs and a cat.Cases: Case 1. A 10-year-old male canine, Brazilian Terrier, 7.7 kg of body weight, with a 6-month history of nonweightbearing lameness of the right hind limb attended consultation. Orthopedic examination showed plantigrade stance, hyperflexion of the right tibial-tarsal joint (TTJ) and swelling with fibrous thickening of the distal portion of the CCT. Surgical tendon repair was achieved through insertion of a locking screw on the calcaneo-tibial, tenorrhaphy and suture of a titanium plate on the caudal aspect of the CCT. Case 2. A 2-year-old female mongrel canine, with 13.3 kg of body weight was presented with the complaint of chronic left hind leg lameness. The owner described trauma at the area of the hock six months prior to consultation. On orthopedic exam, severe lameness was noted, swelling with fibrous thickening of the distal portion of the common calcaneal tendon and hyperflexion of the left TTJ (plantigrade position) were visible. Tendon repair was performed in the same manner as in case 1, except that in this case a bovine pericardium graft preserved in glycerin 98% was sutured over the tendon/plate conjunction. Case 3. A 6-year-old female mongrel canine, with 18.6 kg of body weight was attended with a 22-day history of right hind limb lameness. On physical exam intermittent lameness during gait performance and non-weight-bearing position in stance were noted. The distal portion of the limb was internally rotated with plantigrade stance and discontinuity of the CCT was palpable. Tenorrhaphy was performed similarly to case 2. Case 4. A 6 kg, 3-year-old, mixed breed male feline was admitted with a wound on the CCT region for 7 days. The wound was originated after animal interaction with a stray feline. On clinical examination the animal was non-weight bearing on the right hind limb, with plantigrade posture and with a 1 cm wound on the caudal portion of the CCT with tendon exposure. Surgical repair was performed by tenorrhaphy with placement of a surgical steel plate on the caudal aspect of the CCT. A bovine pericardium graft preserved in glycerin 98% was sutured on top of the plate. The TTJ was immobilized with a type II transarticular external fixator.Discussion: Ultrasonography is the test of choice to monitor tendon healing after tenorrhaphy. At this report, this exam was crucial to determine when the calcaneal-tibial screw could be removed. Two dogs and the cat from this report received an association of plate and bovine pericardium preserved in glycerin 98%. The purpose of this association was to increase the strength of the tenorrhaphy, and the pericardium graft had also the function of reducing the formation of peritendinous adhesions. Immobilization of the TTJ has the purpose of opposing muscle forces to avoid stress at tenorrhaphy suture increasing the strength of the healed tendon allowing early weight bear while minimizing the recurrence risk and avoiding limb contracture. We chose to perform the procedure with hyperextension of the TTJ in order to promote greater relaxation of the tendon since there was need to remove large portions of calcaneal fibrous tissues of the dogs and devitalized tissue in the cat from this report. Surgical treatment of injuries of the Achilles mechanism has good prognosis in complete closed lesions treated by tenorrhaphy associated with suture of a plate, suture of bovine pericardial graft preserved in 98% glycerin, calcaneal-tibial locking screw and splint for six weeks.Keywords: Achilles tendon, rupture, calcaneo-tibial screw, locking-loop suture pattern.

Displacement of a Functional Femoral Pseudoarthrosis in a Dog

1992 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Gretchen Flo ◽  
R. L. Stickle ◽  
D. J. Jevens
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Bone Plate ◽  
Cancellous Bone Graft ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
The Right

A mature mixed breed dog was evaluated for acute onset of non-weight-bearing lameness involving the right hind limb. The dog had, reportedly, walked normally for the previous three years. A diagnosis of acute displacement of a functional femoral pseudoarthrosis was made. The pseudoarthrosis was stabilized using a dynamic compression bone plate and an autogenous cancellous bone graft. The dog was walking normally five months after the operation.

scholarly journals Unicameral Bone Cyst in the Proximal Humerus with Secondary Infection in an 18-Month-Old Foal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maria C. Fugazzola ◽  
Christoph Klaus ◽  
Christoph Lischer
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Proximal Humerus ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Pathologic Fracture ◽  
Unicameral Bone Cyst ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
Scientific Report ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
The Right

An 18-month-old warmblood filly was 4/5 lame on the front right limb at referral and showed severe swelling of the right shoulder region and pain during manipulation of the shoulder region. Radiography revealed a roundish 5 × 7 cm radiolucent area with defined borders within the greater tubercle and the presence of a fracture of the lateral tubercle associated with the cyst. Cellular blood count was 27,500 WBC/μL and serum biochemical analyses revealed fibrinogen of 855 mg/dL. The fractured bone was removed surgically; the cyst debrided and filled with autologous cancellous bone graft. Three and five weeks after surgery the filly was reoperated on because of an osseous sequestrum and a periostal defect on the distal dorsolateral aspect of the pastern of the right hind limb and a septic synovitis of the DFTS of the left hind limb. Fifteen month after surgery the filly was not lame and was introduced to training. Unicameral bone cysts (UBC) are well described lesions, often associated to pathologic fracture in the proximal humerus of children but, until present, no scientific report exists of UBC in the foal. The prompt surgical management had a favorable outcome.

Bilateral Stifle Osteochondritis Dissecans in a Cat

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Ralphs
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Lateral Femoral Condyle ◽  
Similar Lesion ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
The Right

A 9-month-old, castrated male, domestic shorthaired cat was presented for progressive right hind-limb lameness. A diagnosis of osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle was made based on radiographs and physical examination, and was confirmed by right lateral stifle arthrotomy. The cartilage flap was removed, and the underlying bone was curetted. Seven months later, the cat was sound on the right leg but developed a left hind-limb lameness. A similar lesion was found in the left leg and was treated identically. Fourteen months after presentation, the cat was sound on both hind limbs.

scholarly journals Surgical Correction of Patellar Luxation in a Rabbit

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Riggs ◽  
S. J. Langley-Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

A two-and-a-half-year-old giant lop-eared rabbit, weighing 5.1 kg, presented with a one-month history of intermittent right hind limb lameness. The limb locked in extension during hopping. On examination, a grade-2 medial patellar luxation of the right hind was diagnosed, with associated stifle joint swelling. Radiographic findings of the right stifle comprised periarticular osteophyte formation consistent with mild degenerative joint disease and joint effusion. Surgical correction involving right trochlear wedge recession sulcoplasty and lateral imbrication was carried out to stabilise the patella in the trochlear groove. The right hind limb lameness resolved, and the patella was stable at a 6-month postoperative examination. One year postoperatively, the right patella was luxating again concurrent with bilateral stifle effusions. Euthanasia was performed twenty months after surgery due to recurrent lameness in the right hind limb.

Bifocal Femoral Deformity Correction and Lengthening Using a Circular Fixator Construct in a Dog

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia V. Coutin ◽  
Daniel D. Lewis ◽  
Stanley E. Kim ◽  
David J. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Femoral Lengthening ◽  
Femoral Deformity ◽  
Salter Harris ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extended Posture

A 7 mo old male rottweiler was evaluated for a right hind limb lameness caused by malunion of a Salter-Harris type II fracture. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) revealed that the right distal femur had valgus, procurvatum, external rotation, and was 35% (70 mm) shorter than the contralateral femur. Distal femoral wedge ostectomies were performed to acutely correct the angular and rotational deformities. Lengthening of the femur was accomplished by distraction osteogenesis performed over 53 days at a second, proximal diaphyseal osteotomy using a circular fixator construct. This bifocal approach yielded approximately 30 mm of femoral lengthening and a confluent column of regenerate bone that bridged the distraction gap. When evaluated 14 mo after surgery, the dog held the right hip, stifle, and hock in a slightly extended posture when standing and had a subtle asymmetric hind limb gait. The stride of the right hind limb was slightly shortened with compensatory circumduction of the left hind limb during the swing phase of the stride.

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