Tree pruning and lattice statistics on Bethe lattices

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Statistics ◽  
Bethe Lattices ◽  
Tree Pruning

Cyclanilide Spray Increases Branching in Containerized Whip Production

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Petra Sternberg ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Mature Tree ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract A major goal in the production of tree whips is to produce appropriately sized, well-branched liners with a crown form similar to that of a mature tree. Pruning is used to induce lateral branching. This can result in poor tree quality, reduced growth and the practice is labor intensive. An alternative to mechanical pruning, foliar Cyclanilide® (CYC) sprays at 0, 56, 1 12 and 223 ppm were applied to container grown whips to determine its effect on branching of Amelanchier; Cercis, Malus and Tilia whips. Most species responded to CYC sprays with increased lateral branching if treated during active shoot elongation. Cyclanilide® sprays of 1 12 ppm produced the greatest number of branches. Sprays at 56 ppm resulted in reduced branching (relative to 112 ppm), while sprays of 223 ppm did not increase the number of branches, relative to sprays of 112 ppm, but reduced growth. Cyclanilide® sprays reduced height growth, relative to untreated whips, but did not alter height diameter growth. Cyclanilide® foliar applications to container -grown whips during periods of active shoot elongation increased branching in one-year-old whips that normally do not branch until the second year of production. Further, the origin of lateral branching can be controlled by timing of CYC application. The results indicate that CYC foliar sprays can be an important tool in the production of one-year-old branched whips.

Lattice Statistics.

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McQuistan
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Statistics

Assessing Pruning Knowledge towards Effective Tree Maintenance: A case study of four Local Authorities in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Norainiratna Badrulhisham ◽  
Noriah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
Open Access Article

Pruning is one of the most crucial tree maintenance activities which give an impact on the tree's health and structure. Besides, improper pruning will contribute to the risk of injury to property and the public. This study aims to assess pruning knowledge among four Local authorities in Malaysia. Results found that 69.3 percent of tree pruning workers have a Good pruning knowledge level. However, Topping, pruning types and pruning cut dimension shows the lowest mean percentage of the correct answer. The findings also show that there is a significant positive relationship between pruning knowledge and education level and frequency attending pruning courses.Keywords: Tree pruning; knowledge; sustainable practices; urban treeseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2054 

scholarly journals Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Constituents in Olive-Derived By-Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Pablo Doménech ◽  
Aleta Duque ◽  
Isabel Higueras ◽  
José Luis Fernández ◽  
Paloma Manzanares
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Olive Stone ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
By Products

Olive trees constitute one of the largest agroindustries in the Mediterranean area, and their cultivation generates a diverse pool of biomass by-products such as olive tree pruning (OTP), olive leaves (OL), olive stone (OS), and extracted olive pomace (EOP). These lignocellulosic materials have varying compositions and potential utilization strategies within a biorefinery context. The aim of this work was to carry out an integral analysis of the aqueous extractives fraction of these biomasses. Several analytical methods were applied in order to fully characterize this fraction to varying extents: a mass closure of >80% was reached for EOP, >76% for OTP, >65% for OS, and >52% for OL. Among the compounds detected, xylooligosaccharides, mannitol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, and hydroxytyrosol were noted as potential enhancers of the valorization of said by-products. The extraction of these compounds is expected to be more favorable for OTP, OL, and EOP, given their high extractives content, and is compatible with other utilization strategies such as the bioconversion of the lignocellulosic fraction into biofuels and bioproducts.

scholarly journals Production of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Fast-Growing Poplar and Olive Tree Pruning by Physical Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6445
Author(s):  
David Ibarra ◽  
Raquel Martín-Sampedro ◽  
Bernd Wicklein ◽  
Úrsula Fillat ◽  
María E. Eugenio
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pfi Refining ◽  
Tree Pruning

Motivated by the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on the environment, the need arises to produce materials and energy from renewable sources. Cellulose, the main biopolymer on Earth, plays a key role in this context, serving as a platform for the development of biofuels, chemicals and novel materials. Among the latter, micro- and nanocellulose have been receiving increasing attention in the last few years. Their many attractive properties, i.e., thermal stability, high mechanical resistance, barrier properties, lightweight, optical transparency and ease of chemical modification, allow their use in a wide range of applications, such as paper or polymer reinforcement, packaging, construction, membranes, bioplastics, bioengineering, optics and electronics. In view of the increasing demand for traditional wood pulp (e.g., obtained from eucalypt, birch, pine, spruce) for micro/nanocellulose production, dedicated crops and agricultural residues can be interesting as raw materials for this purpose. This work aims at achieving microfibrillated cellulose production from fast-growing poplar and olive tree pruning using physical pretreatment (PFI refining) before the microfibrillation stage. Both raw materials yielded microfibrillated cellulose with similar properties to that obtained from a commercial industrial eucalypt pulp, producing films with high mechanical properties and low wettability. According to these properties, different applications for cellulose microfibers suspensions and films are discussed.

Air-activated carbons from almond tree pruning: Preparation and characterization

2006 ◽  
Vol 252 (17) ◽  
pp. 5988-5992 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gañán ◽  
J.F. González ◽  
C.M. González-García ◽  
A. Ramiro ◽  
E. Sabio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Almond Tree ◽  
Tree Pruning

Evaluation of lignins from side-streams generated in an olive tree pruning-based biorefinery: Bioethanol production and alkaline pulping

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Santos ◽  
Úrsula Fillat ◽  
Raquel Martín-Sampedro ◽  
María E. Eugenio ◽  
María J. Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alkaline Pulping ◽  
Tree Pruning
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