Effect of temperature drop on swelling of steel Kh18N9 along wall of case of control and safety system

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 934-935
Author(s):  
V. I. Shcherbak ◽  
L. G. Kostromin ◽  
V. D. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Steel Kh18n9

scholarly journals Impact of temperature variability on childhood allergic rhinitis in a subtropical city of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Li Ling ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
Desheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Many studies have shown an association of childhood respiratory diseases with short-term temperature variability such as diurnal temperature range (DTR) and temperature change between two neighboring days (TCN). However, the impact of temperature variability on allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been investigated so far. This study sought to evaluate the short-term effect of temperature variability (i.e., TCN and DTR) on AR, as well as to identify vulnerable subpopulations. Method: We collected daily data on emergency room visits and outpatients for AR and weather variables in Hefei, China during 2014-2016. A distributed lag non-linear model that controlled for long-term trend and seasonality, mean temperature, relative humidity, day of week was used to fit the associations of AR with DTR and TCN. Stratified analyses by age, sex and occupation were also performed. Results: During the study period, there were a total of 53538 cases and the average values of DTR and TCN were 8.4°C (range: 1.0°C to 21.2°C) and 0°C (range: -12.2°C to 5.9°C), respectively. While we did not observe an adverse effect of DTR on AR, TCN was significantly associated with increased risk of AR. Specifically, a large temperature drop between two adjacent days (3.8°C, 5th percentile of TCN) has a delayed and short-lasting effect on AR, with the estimated relative risk of 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.04) at lag 12. Moreover, boys and children older than 15 years seemed to be more vulnerable to the effect of TCN. Conclusions : This study provided evidence of an adverse effect of large temperature drops between two adjacent days on childhood AR. Attention paid to boys and older children may help prevent AR attacks.

Thermochemistry of the Amorphous System SiO2-GeO2: Comparision of Flame Hydrolysis Materials to High Temperature Fused Glasses

1989 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Maniar ◽  
A. Navrotsky ◽  
C. W. Draper
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Solution Calorimetry ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Tetrahedral Framework ◽  
Amorphous System ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Heats Of Mixing ◽  
Molten Lead

AbstractEnergetics and structure of germania doped silica prepared from high temperature melts and by flame hydrolysis were investigated using transposed temperature drop and solution calorimetry. Heat contents (H973-H298) are similar for first and second drops for the flame hydrolysis preforms reflecting the effect of temperature of deposition (1073 K) in creating a relaxed structure which is not easily rearranged. Heats of solution, at 973 K in molten lead borate, of fused glasses along the SiO2-GeO2 binary show ideal heats of mixing between the endmembers. This'indicates that fused glasses behave in a simple manner, with ideal substitution of Ge for Si in the tetrahedral framework. Flame hydrolysis samples (preform and annealed glasses) also show ideal heats of mixing. This suggests that the flame hydrolysis materials are energetically very similar to their bulk-melted counterparts. This insensitivity of energetics to preparation conditions is consistent with our previous studies on silica prepared at various temperatures [1].

scholarly journals Impact of temperature variability on childhood allergic rhinitis in a subtropical city of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Li Ling ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
Desheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Many studies have shown an association of childhood respiratory diseases with short-term temperature variability such as diurnal temperature range (DTR) and temperature change between two neighboring days (TCN). However, the impact of temperature variability on allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been investigated so far. This study sought to evaluate the short-term effect of temperature variability (i.e., TCN and DTR) on AR, as well as to identify vulnerable subpopulations. Method: We collected daily data on emergency room visits and outpatients for AR and weather variables in Hefei, China during 2014-2016. A distributed lag non-linear model that controlled for long-term trend and seasonality, mean temperature, relative humidity, day of week was used to fit the associations of AR with DTR and TCN. Stratified analyses by age, gender and occupation were also performed. Results: During the study period, there were a total of 53538 cases and the average values of DTR and TCN were 8.4°C (range: 1.0°C to 21.2°C) and 0°C (range: -12.2°C to 5.9°C), respectively. While we did not observe an adverse effect of DTR on AR, TCN was significantly associated with increased risk of AR. Specifically, a large temperature drop between two adjacent days (3.8°C, 5th percentile of TCN) has a delayed and short-lasting effect on AR, with the estimated relative risk of 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.04) at lag 12. Moreover, boys and children older than 15 years seemed to be more vulnerable to the effect of TCN. Conclusions: This study provided evidence of an adverse effect of large temperature drops between two adjacent days on childhood AR. Attention paid to boys and older children may help prevent AR attacks.

TDR technique for estimating the intensity of effective non rainfall

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Janik ◽  
Wojciech Skierucha ◽  
Marek Błaś ◽  
Mieczysław Sobik ◽  
Małgorzata Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flux ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Diurnal Dynamics ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Diurnal Distribution

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a method for determining diurnal distribution of the intensity of effective non rainfall water flux. It was found that the application of TDR technique for the determination of diurnal dynamics of effective non rainfall water flux requires temperature correction of sensed volumetric moisture contents. Without temperature correction the error of estimated non rainfall water flux can be as much as 26%. In addition, the effect of temperature changes on the soil surface was determined in 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours periods. It was found that the intensity of effective non rainfall water flux was determined to the greatest extent by the rate of temperature drop during the period of 3 h preceding the non rainfall water flux determination. The agreement of non rainfall water flux calculated with the method proposed and that obtained by the collector was better for dew than for hoarfrost periods.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Fluctuation and Nutritional Status on Starry Flounder, Platichthys stellatus, Survival and Adaptive Physiological Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
So-Sun Kim ◽  
Gyeong-Sik Han ◽  
Hae-Kyun Yoo ◽  
Ki-Tae Kim ◽  
Soon-Gyu Byun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Starry Flounder ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus ◽  
Significant Difference

Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) is a commercially important cold-water fish. Our aim was to investigate the effects of fluctuating water temperature on flounders after periods of starvation and feeding. Fish were divided into starvation and feeding groups. The water temperature was increased stepwise in experiment 1; more focused variations, based on the results of experiment 1, were studied in experiment 2. At temperatures ≤27 °C, there was no significant difference observed in survival. At 28 °C, mortality increased, survival was lower (21%) in the starvation group than in the feeding group (46%), and weight loss was the highest (15%) in the starvation group. In experiment 2, survival was ≥86%, and there was no significant difference between the starvation/feeding groups. However, when the water temperature was increased to 27 °C after being decreased to 12 °C, weight loss was the highest (11%). Glucose, cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels increased with increasing water temperature, and then gradually decreased. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT)/glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) levels showed large variations among individuals. Triglyceride, cholesterol, and protein levels gradually decreased with long-term starvation. Survival was not affected by water temperature drop ≤27 °C after starvation/feeding. These results indicate that 27 °C is the upper limit of tolerable water temperature for the survival of starry flounders. Therefore, aquaculture farms should ensure maintaining water temperatures at ≤27 °C during high-temperature periods.

scholarly journals High temperature wear assessment of mining machines operating tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Gromyka ◽  
Eldar Kremcheev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Mineral Deposit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Machine Parts

Mining is widely associated with the use of a variety of mining machines for various duties, such as extraction, loading and transportation of rock. Due to prolonged use of machines, the amount of wear of operating tools and machine parts increases. This problem is especially acute for mining and loading machines used in excavation and reclamation, because the wear rate is increased on those duties. The development of wear process and evaluation of the residual life of operating tools of mining and loading machines is well studied in world practice. However, given the variety of climatic, geological and mining conditions, unique for each mineral deposit, we are facing difficulties in creating a comprehensive model of wear process development. In modern researches on this area such issues as estimation of operating tools residual life during intense wear under extreme conditions of high temperatures and sharp temperature drop are understudied. These conditions are typical for deposits of such minerals as coal and peat, which are especially prone to spontaneous combustion. This review discusses methods for assessing various wear mechanisms and the effect of temperature on the intensity of those processes, as well as methods to determine the residual life of operating tools of mining and loading machines working in high-temperature environment.

Framework for Modeling the Components of a Fuel Processing System for Fuel Cell Applications

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Sampara ◽  
Christopher Depcik ◽  
Dennis Assanis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Film ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reactor Models ◽  
Oxidation Reactor

The present work describes models for predicting concentration profiles of various species in each of the reactors present in a fuel processing system including a steam reformer, water gas-shift reactor and a preferential oxidation reactor. These reactor models incorporate phenomenological reaction schemes in power law format in order to predict the conversion of the species as a function of concentration and temperature. A surface film approach is used rather than the more traditional two-dimensional boundary layer in order to model the gas on the surface of the catalyst. The modeling framework is built within the Matlab Simulink environment to take advantage of available numerical schemes and optimization algorithms. Only steady state operation is considered for the reactors with validation occurring against experimental data obtained from the literature. In addition, temperature gradients within the reactors are imposed in order to eliminate the need to model the energy equation of motion. Parametric studies are performed on each of the individual reactors by varying the length, catalyst loading, catalyst dispersion and the effect of temperature drop across the reactor.

scholarly journals Impact of temperature variability on childhood allergic rhinitis in a subtropical city of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Li Ling ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
Desheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Many studies have shown an association of childhood respiratory diseases with short-term temperature variability such as diurnal temperature range (DTR) and temperature change between two neighboring days (TCN). However, the impact of temperature variability on allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been investigated so far. This study sought to evaluate the short-term effect of temperature variability (i.e., TCN and DTR) on AR, as well as to identify vulnerable subpopulations. Method We collected daily data on emergency room visits and outpatients for AR and weather variables in Hefei, China during 2014–2016. A distributed lag non-linear model that controlled for long-term trend and seasonality, mean temperature, relative humidity, day of week was used to fit the associations of AR with DTR and TCN. Stratified analyses by age, sex and occupation were also performed. Results During the study period, there were a total of 53,538 cases and the average values of DTR and TCN were 8.4 °C (range: 1.0 °C to 21.2 °C) and 0 °C (range: − 12.2 °C to 5.9 °C), respectively. While we did not observe an adverse effect of DTR on AR, TCN was significantly associated with increased risk of AR. Specifically, a large temperature drop between two adjacent days (3.8 °C, 5th percentile of TCN) has a delayed and short-lasting effect on AR, with the estimated relative risk of 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.04) at lag 12. Moreover, boys and children older than 15 years seemed to be more vulnerable to the effect of TCN. Conclusions This study provided evidence of an adverse effect of large temperature drops between two adjacent days on childhood AR. Attention paid to boys and older children may help prevent AR attacks.

Analysis of the Transient Cooldown of Sub-Sea Pipelines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jhordann Barrera Escobedo ◽  
Angela O. Nieckele ◽  
Luis Fernando A. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Heat Conduction Equation ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Conduction Equation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Stagnant Fluid

A precise analysis of the transient cooldown of subsea pipelines is crucial for offshore flow assurance, to avoid, for example, hydrate formation or wax deposition. Flow assurance in transportation lines, where column separation can occur due to large temperature drop coupled with large pressure drop, must also be addressed. Usually, pipeline thermal insulation is designed for steady state conditions. However, during shutdowns, the temperature drop experienced by the stagnant fluid is more pronounced, eventually reaching some critical temperature level, that can lead to flow line blockage and flow re-start problems. Thus, the determination of the temperature and pressure distributions along the pipeline under transient conditions is important to maintain the line operating safely. To determine the transient heat transfer in pipelines, the fluid flow conservation equations coupled with the heat conduction equation applied to the pipeline wall were numerically solved. The heat loss from the pipeline was determined by solving the transient heat conduction equation for the pipewall layers, utilizing a simple one-dimensional model in the radial direction. The coupled system was solved numerically employing the finite difference method. Transient analyses were performed for two scenarios. In the first one, the cooldown process of oil in a subsea pipeline was evaluated, with the effect of variable thermal properties on the temperature profile being investigated. The dependence of the temperature on the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity was analyzed. In the second scenario, gas flows inside the pipeline, and the effect of temperature variation on a stagnant fluid is presented. Tests for different values of thermal diffusivity corresponding to new and old thermal insulations were performed.

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