Effect of garlic oil extract on glutathione reductase levels in rats fed on high sucrose and alcohol diets: A possible mechanism of the activity of the oil

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin I. Adoga
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
High Sucrose

The effect on glutathione reductase activities of feeding garlic oil to white albino rats maintained on high sucrose and alcohol diets was studied. Whereas high sucrose and alcohol diets resulted in significant increases in the activity of glutathione reductase in liver, kidneys and serum, the presence of garlic oil restored the levels to near normal. It is proposed that the mechanism of this action of garlic oil involves the active principle, diallyl disulphide, which interacts in an exchange reaction with enzymes and substrates such as glutathione reductase and glutathione which contain thiol groups.

Thiol derivatives of cellulose as supports for the immobilization of non-thiol enzymes

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1693-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gemeiner ◽  
Jiří Zemek
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Mercaptoacetic Acid ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Nucleophilic Reaction ◽  
Disulfide Exchange ◽  
Immobilized Trypsin ◽  
Esterolytic Activity ◽  
Derivatives Of

Thiosulfate derivatives, which can be reduced with mercaptoacetic acid, are suitable intermediates for the preparation of thiol derivatives of polymers. Thiosulfate derivatives of cellulose were prepared via chlorodeoxy- or via 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propylcellulose, while mercaptodeoxycellulose prepared via chlorodeoxy derivative had more convenient properties for the immobilization of non-thiol enzymes (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase and trypsin). Before immobilization SH groups were introduced into choline esterases by i) reduction of the cystine residues, ii) reaction with methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate, and the isothiocyanate groups were introduced into trypsin on reaction with 3-isothiocyanatopropyl 1-isocyanate. The immobilization of the enzymes treated in this way was carried out under the conditions of the oxidation of thiol groups (i), thiol-disulfide exchange reaction (ii), or an addition nucleophilic reaction of isothiocyanates with thiols. In contrast to the proteolytic activity of the immobilized trypsin the esterolytic activity of immobilized choline esterases attained satisfactory values.

HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GARLIC OIL ON SULFASALAZINE INDUCED INJURY OF RENAL TUBULES IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
fouad heikal ◽  
wafaa Abdel rahman ◽  
hoda khalifa ◽  
Rasha Eldokmak ◽  
Elsayed Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Garlic Oil

Chemorheology of Polysulfide Rubbers

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-730
Author(s):  
Marcos Mochulsky ◽  
Arthur V. Tobolsky
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Disulfide Linkage ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Adjacent Chain ◽  
Chemical Type ◽  
Chemical Agents

Abstract Experimental results indicate that the socalled “cold flow” of polysulfide rubbers is almost certainly chemical rather than physical in nature. The term chemorheology has been adopted to describe this chemical type of plasticity. The experimental method employed in this investigation was the measurement of relaxation of stress in stretched rubber samples held at a constant elongation. The changes in relaxation rate produced by changing the molecular structure of the rubber (by cross-linking), by incorporating carbon black, by illuminating with ultraviolet light, and by treating the rubber with various chemical agents, such as sulfur, a thiol, and agents that destroy thiol groups, were studied by this method. From the results of the above experiments and from additional considerations, it is concluded that the chemical reaction responsible for cold flow is an intermolecular exchange reaction, and that this exchange reaction is probably an exchange between a terminal thiol group of one chain and a disulfide linkage of an adjacent chain.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparative Study of potential anxiolytic effect of Vitamin C and Buspirone in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ghada Farouk Soliman ◽  
Aida Abdalla Khattab ◽  
Mariam Refaat Habil
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Behavioral Tests

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental health problems. They are more prevalent among women than among men, and they affect children as well as adults. The aim of the current study is to evaluate this problem via an experimental animal model and try to explore its possible mechanisms by studying the effect of Vitamin C compared to Buspirone on anxiety in rats induced by Monosodium Glutamate (MSG).Materials and Methods: 56 healthy adult male albino rats (Sprague-Dawley) weighing 200-250 gm were used and divided into 7 groups (8 rats each). The first and the second groups were provided with normal saline and MSG at a dose of (2 mg/g p.o.) respectively. The other five groups were given MSG and treated daily in the following way: The third and fourth groups were treated with Vitamin C (100, 200 mg/kg p.o) respectively. The fifth group was treated with only Buspirone (10 mg/kg p.o.), while the last sixth and seventh groups were given a combination of Buspirone and Vitamin C with (100, 200 mg/kg) respectively. After 3 weeks, the open field and successive alleys tests were used to assess behavioral changes. The percentage change of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured. Additionally, glutathione reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), and corticosterone levels were determined biochemically.Results: The results after 3 weeks revealed that MSG group showed significant anxiogenic effects in both behavioral tests, with an increased percentage change of SBP in addition to increased malondialdehyde and corticosterone level measured statistically. While the results of the treated groups revealed that the Vitamin C (100mg/kg) treated group demonstrated significant improvement in anxiety levels in the open field test, there were no significant changes in the biochemical assessment. However, vitamin C (200mg/kg) treated group revealed a significant anxiolytic effect in behavioral tests, improved glutathione and malondialdehyde with low corticosterone level. Administration of buspirone revealed significant anxiolytic effects, which is lower than that of vitamin C (200mg/kg). But it caused significant increase in the oxidative stress and corticosterone levels. A combination of buspirone with Vitamin C (200mg/kg) only demonstrated significant anxiolytic effect in both tests and a significant decrease of corticosterone.Conclusion: MSG has neurotoxic effect leading to anxiogenic behaviors in rats which are opposed by Vitamin C. Furthermore, as an antioxidant, vitamin C protects against the oxidative stress induced by MSG. Moreover, it lowers the high corticosterone level associated with MSG or buspirone administration.Key Words: MSG, vitamin C, buspirone, glutathione reductase, malondialdehyde, open field, successive alleys

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ruta Chalepensis L. (Rutacae) Oil Extract Against Potassium Bromate Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats: Histopathological Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Eldurssi ◽  
Ebtesam MM ◽  
Gasem MA Gheth ◽  
Abdullah AH Abdalla ◽  
Mabroka A Algassi
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Protective Group ◽  
Therapeutic Group ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) is a perennial herb, widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, with glabrous stem, alternate bipinnatisect leaves. It is an ancient medicinal plant still being used in the traditional medicine of many countries. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a strong oxidizing agent that has been used in flour milling, as a cheese making, in beer malting, as a component of cold hair-wave liquids. This study studies the protective and curative effects of R. chalepensis oil extract against KBrO3 toxicity on kidney of male rats. Accordingly, a total number of fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a control animals. The second group was administered Rue at an oral daily dose of 0.5 g/Animal for four weeks. The third group received KBrO3 100 mg/kg/b. w. for four weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was initially administered with Rue alone for 2 weeks and followed by KBrO3 in association with Rue for 2 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given KBrO3 alone for 2 weeks and was secondly administered Rue in association with KBrO3 for 2 weeks. At the end of 2nd  and 4th  weeks of treatment, the kidney tissues were collected for histopathological studies. Histopathological studies revealed that the renal reactions of rats from the Rue group showed normal architecture pattern same that observations as in the control rats. The rats treated with KBrO3 showed vacuolation and contraction of glomerular tuft, separation in intertubular connective tissue, necrotic changes in some areas and hyaline changes in tubules. Furthermore, lymphoid infiltration and intratubular hemorrhage, dilated in tubules with loss of cellular boundary. In the protective group minimal changes in the structure of the kidney was revealed compared to control. Both glomeruli and convoluted tubules gained the normal features. In therapeutic group, renal sections revealed improvement in the histological structure though there was a mild necrosis and slight in inflammatory leucocytic infiltration. The results of this study suggest the nephrotoxic effect of KBrO3 and the ameliorative effect of Rue when administrated for protective and therapeutic purposes.  

A (Speculative) View on Allicin and Primary Metabolism: An Additional Way to Affect Cell’s Physiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Martin C.H. Gruhlke
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Major Target

Background: Allicin from garlic is known for different medical uses for centuries. One important explanation for these effects is the chemical reactivity of allicin as a thiosulfinate towards thiol-groups and the modification of thiol-groups by thioallylation. Objective: It has been shown that thioallylation can inhibit the enzymatic function of proteins. In different organisms, the thioallylated proteins upon allicin treatment have been examined. It was found, especially in human T-cell lymphocytes (Jurkat-cells), that the glycolysis is a major target for allicin. Here, we briefly discuss that affecting the primary metabolism is a possible part of allicin’s physiological functions and might be, both from therapeutic and nutraceutical view, of particular interest for the application of allicin as an active principle of freshly damaged garlic. Conclusion: This might, in summary, explain a possible further mode of action of allicin on cells by changing the metabolism as the central life process and thus influencing the overall structure of the physiological processes in the cell, which can lead to the multitude of consequences caused by allicin.

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