Considerations for sizing water delivery systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Tod ◽  
Wesley W. Wallender ◽  
Delbert W. Henderson ◽  
Johannes J. Devries
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Delivery

scholarly journals Performance and water usage of selected vegetables grown with different irrigation systems under house-type structures

2017 ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Jessie Rom ◽  
Zenaida Gonzaga ◽  
Othello Capuno ◽  
Ana Linda Gorme ◽  
Warren Obeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
House Type ◽  
Protective Structures

Irrigation for vegetables grown under protected cropping is very important for optimum production. Likewise, choosing an efficient method of irrigation can save water and labour. These studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of manual sprinkler, drip bottle, and drip hose method of water delivery systems on performance of selected vegetables, water use efficiency and profitability grown in house-type protective structures. The three crops tested were tomato, sweet pepper and ampalaya which were planted in similar structures arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The drip bottle method increased yield, irrigation water use efficiency, and profitability compared to sprinkler and drip hose method. Drip hose method effectively suppressed fusarium wilt. This implies that increasing productivity of some vegetables requires water delivery systems that provide a constant and even supply using a small amount of water. Further work is required in scheduling and rate of application with the drip hose method for it to become as efficient as the drip bottle.

scholarly journals Providing Students with Adequate School Drinking Water Access in an Era of Aging Infrastructure: A Mixed Methods Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica L. Kenney ◽  
James G. Daly ◽  
Rebekka M. Lee ◽  
Rebecca S. Mozaffarian ◽  
Katherine Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Aging Infrastructure

Ensuring students’ access to safe drinking water at school is essential. However, many schools struggle with aging infrastructure and subsequent water safety problems and have turned to bottled water delivery systems. Little is known about whether such systems are feasible and effective in providing adequate student water access. This study was a mixed-methods investigation among six schools in an urban district in the U.S. with two types of water delivery systems: (1) tap water infrastructure, with updated water fountains and bottle fillers, and (2) bottled water coolers. We measured students’ water consumption and collected qualitative data from students and teachers about their perceptions of school drinking water. Student water consumption was low—between 2.0 (SD: 1.4) ounces per student and 2.4 (SD: 1.1) ounces per student during lunch. Students and teachers reported substantial operational hurdles for relying on bottled water as a school’s primary source of drinking water, including difficulties in stocking, cleaning, and maintaining the units. While students and teachers perceived newer bottle filler units positively, they also reported a distrust of tap water. Bottled water delivery systems may not be effective long-term solutions for providing adequate school drinking water access and robust efforts are needed to restore trust in tap water.

scholarly journals Use of Multilocus Sequence Typing To Investigate the Association between the Presence of Campylobacter spp. in Broiler Drinking Water and Campylobacter Colonization in Broilers

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (16) ◽  
pp. 5125-5129 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Ogden ◽  
M. MacRae ◽  
M. Johnston ◽  
N. J. C. Strachan ◽  
A. J. Cody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Enrichment Methods

ABSTRACT The presence of campylobacters in broiler chickens and throughout the broiler water delivery systems of 12 farms in northeastern Scotland was investigated by sensitive enrichment methods and large-volume filtration. Campylobacter presence was independent of the water source and whether the water was treated. The genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from chickens and various locations within the water delivery systems were compared by multilocus sequence typing. Matching strains in shed header tanks and birds were found at 1 of the 12 farms investigated. However, the sequence of contamination or whether the source was within or outside the shed was not determined. Nevertheless, these data provide evidence that drinking water could be associated with broiler infection by campylobacters.

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