Scientific policy in Yugoslavia

Minerva ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Policy

scholarly journals Tracing the origins of SARS-COV-2 in coronavirus phylogenies: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Sallard ◽  
José Halloy ◽  
Didier Casane ◽  
Etienne Decroly ◽  
Jacques van Helden
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Intensive Breeding

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a new human coronavirus (CoV), which emerged in China in late 2019 and is responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic that caused more than 97 million infections and 2 million deaths in 12 months. Understanding the origin of this virus is an important issue, and it is necessary to determine the mechanisms of viral dissemination in order to contain future epidemics. Based on phylogenetic inferences, sequence analysis and structure–function relationships of coronavirus proteins, informed by the knowledge currently available on the virus, we discuss the different scenarios on the origin—natural or synthetic—of the virus. The data currently available are not sufficient to firmly assert whether SARS-CoV2 results from a zoonotic emergence or from an accidental escape of a laboratory strain. This question needs to be solved because it has important consequences on the risk/benefit balance of our interactions with ecosystems, on intensive breeding of wild and domestic animals, on some laboratory practices and on scientific policy and biosafety regulations. Regardless of COVID-19 origin, studying the evolution of the molecular mechanisms involved in the emergence of pandemic viruses is essential to develop therapeutic and vaccine strategies and to prevent future zoonoses. This article is a translation and update of a French article published in Médecine/Sciences, August/September 2020 (10.1051/medsci/2020123).

scholarly journals Scientific policy in the Netherlands

Minerva ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-519
Author(s):  
H. W. Julius
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Scientific Policy

scholarly journals Council for Scientific Policy

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 205 (4970) ◽  
pp. 448-448
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Policy

scholarly journals What Does Good Science-Based Advice to Politics Look Like?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Policy Advice ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Good Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Policy Advice ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Value Free Ideal

AbstractI address options for providing scientific policy advice and explore the relation between scientific knowledge and political, economic and moral values. I argue that such nonepistemic values are essential for establishing the significance of questions and the relevance of evidence, while, on the other hand, such social choices are the prerogative of society. This tension can be resolved by recognizing social values and identifying them as separate premises or as commissions while withholding commitment to them, and by elaborating a plurality of policy packages that envisage the implementation of different social goals. There are limits to upholding the value-free ideal in scientific research. But by following the mentioned strategy, science can give useful policy advice by leaving the value-free ideal largely intact. Such scientific restraint avoids the risk of appearing to illegitimately impose values on the public and could make the advice given more trustworthy.

scholarly journals New Strategy Formation Outlines for The Organizational and Managerial Support of The Southern Federal District Oncology Service Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 050-067
Author(s):  
Elena V. Mikhalkina ◽  
◽  
Oleg I. Kit ◽  
Yuri A. Fomenko ◽  
Daria A. Mikhalkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Scientific Performance ◽  
Conservative Strategy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Managerial Support ◽  
New Strategy

The article presents the results of the new strategy outlines development for organizational and managerial activities support in the framework of the previously support considered areas: personnel policy; assessment of competencies; infrastructure and digital environment; specialized medical care; scientific policy; quality assessment policy. The basis of the methodological framework is formed by the strategic approach in economics and management. During the empirical part of the study, the following methods were used: the method of expert assessments, the method of SWOT analysis. The resources, external and internal factors, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of implementing activities in the field of healthcare institution organizational and managerial support were analyzed on the example of the Federal State Budgetary Institution " NMRC of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation as the " head " organization of the Southern Federal District in the field of "oncology". The instruments of SWOT analysis were carried out in several stages using qualitative and quantitative methods. The article presents a final review of the results of the SWOT analysis, which allows us to draw conclusions about the choice of the contours of organizational and managerial support strategies (the strategy of extreme optimism, which is based on measures to implement existing opportunities, as well as a conservative strategy, which is based on measures that use the strengths of the organization in order to overcome threats). The study confirmed the hypothesis that the contours of the strategy of organizational and managerial support of activities contribute to the strategizing of common goals and objectives and the design of key areas of activity of medical institutions in order to ensure a high level of involvement of employees at all levels in achieving performance indicators and increasing indicators of scientific performance.

scholarly journals Jakiej naukometrii i bibliometrii potrzebujemy w Polsce?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 135-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kokowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Impact Factor ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
State Level ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Scientific Policy ◽  
Integrated Science ◽  
Science Of Science ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research study and review article is to examine the scientific basis of scientometrics and bibliometrics, i.e. to show their real “detection and measurement” capabilities. The analysis is conducted from the author’s perspective of the integrated science of science and the history and methodology of the science of science following this perspective. Particular emphasis is placed on the history and methodology of scientometrics and bibliometrics and the history and methodology of science. This perspective is a new approach to the subject matter and determines a) how to select publications and their interpretations and b) which hierarchy the analyzed issues should follow. The article describes the view, dominant both in the world and in Poland, on the basics of scientometrics and bibliometrics and their numerous serious scientific restrictions, such as: a) the incompatibility of the so‑called scientometric laws and the Garfield law of concentration with the empirical data; b) the domain bias, the language bias and the geographical bias of indexation databases; c) various practices of scientific communication; d) the local (national or state‑ level) orientation of humanities, social sciences and citation indexes; e) the disadvantages of the impact factor (IF), the manipulations with its values and the “impact factor game”; f) the numerous problems with and abuses of citations, e.g. the Mendel syndrome, the “classic” publication bias, the palimpsestic syndrome, the effect of the disappearance of citations, the so‑called Matthew effect, the theft of citations, the so‑called secondary and tertiary citations, negative citations, “fashionable nonsenses”, forced citations, the pathologies of the so‑ called citation cartels or cooperative citations, the guest authorship and the honorable authorship; g) the distinction between the “impact of publication” and the “importance of publication” or the “significance” of publication; h) the effectiveness of indexation of publications in electronic and Internet databases and the technological modernity of publications. The discovery of such restrictions regarding scientometrics and bibliometrics has led to the creation of, among others, biobibliometrics, alternative metrics (“altmetrics”) and the open science movement. The analysis of this information results in a general conclusion that is relevant to the current scientific policy in Poland, i.e. it is necessary to resist the “tyranny of bibliometrics”, because it does not serve the development of science. As a consequence, the use of scientometric methods in evaluations of scientific activities should be limited, particularly in the humanities and social sciences. The article also advocates for implementing the idea, considered as priority, of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, which is the promotion of the achievements of Polish humanities and social sciences at home and abroad. In order to achieve this aim, the following is proposed: a) developing the integrated science of science (as protection against the numerous errors of scientometrics and bibliometrics); b) expanding indexation databases of publications, digital libraries and digital repositories; c) intensifying the participation of Polish scientists in international research, including becoming actively involved in the international project aiming at building a European indexation database for humanities and social sciences, d) developing open access to scientific contents and e) modernizing Polish scientific journals and scientific publishing.

Scientific policy officer

2013 ◽  
Vol 172 (24) ◽  
pp. i-i
Author(s):  
Sally Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Policy
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