Constancy and change in the U.S. age distribution of crime: A test of the “invariance hypothesis”

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Britt
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Invariance Hypothesis ◽  
The U.S

Frequency of Triplets and Triplet Zygosity Types among U.S. Births, 1964

1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Allen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
White Population ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe frequency of triplets in the U.S. white population may have reached an all-time low around 1964, at 78 sets per million deliveries. One-fourth of those were monozygotic as estimated by the difference method, or 18% by Bulmer's theoretical model. By 1983 the frequency of triplets had nearly doubled, the increase presumably occurring in dizygotic and trizygotic types. In Belgium most triplet pregnancies now result from artificial induction of ovulation, which is expected to occur mainly in older mothers. In the U.S., however, triplets have increased as much in young mothers as in older mothers, proportionally. This age distribution of the increase may be partly explained by a decrease in parity in older mothers since 1964.

EPR19-072: Breast Cancer Laterality and Immunohistochemical Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3.5) ◽  
pp. EPR19-072
Author(s):  
Tarek Safi ◽  
Pascale Salameh ◽  
Lea Aoude ◽  
Mirna Waked ◽  
Bassim Kobrossy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S

Background: Differences between left and right breast cancer have been investigated in the past in terms of incidence; it is higher on the left side than on the right. This difference has ranged from 2% to 5%. However, there are no publications looking at differences in immunohistochemical characteristics between left and right sided breast cancer. This study aims to assess the incidence and age distribution as well as the following immunohistochemical characteristics: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2). We compared the age distribution to U.S. population as well as other Arab populations. In addition we compared these and other characteristics with respect to the laterality of the breast cancer. Methods: In this pilot retrospective descriptive study, data was collected anonymously on 300 patients who presented to the Saint George Hospital University Medical Center in Beirut. They were extracted from the inpatient files with a diagnosis of breast cancer in order of presentation from 2012 until the total number of files was reached. The measured parameters included the sex of the patient, the age at diagnosis, breast cancer laterality and stage, the need for surgical treatment, and ER status, PR status, and HER-2 status as shown on the official biopsy results of the cases studied. Results: HER-2, PR-, and ER-positive receptors were found to be more frequent by 4%, 9%, and 1% on the left side as compared with the right side, respectively. These numerical differences, however, were not statistically significant. Moreover, our data analysis shows that the Lebanese population distribution of breast cancer is skewed towards a younger age when compared to the U.S., with a median age of diagnosis of 53 and 62, respectively. Finally, in term of incidence, there was a 12% increase in incidence of left side breast cancer over the right side but this value did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: This is the first study to show the relationship between hormonal receptors and laterality of breast cancer. We concluded that there is a trend towards statistically significant differences between laterality immunohistochemical characteristics. Epidemiological relationships between the Lebanese population, the Arab population, and the U.S. population were discussed. Further researches on larger population may be needed to show some of the trends presented in this article to be statistically significant.

Explaining Variation in Rates of Entrepreneurship in the United States: 1899-1988

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Shane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines rates of entrepreneurship over time in the U.S. economy. It finds strong support for the argument that variations in rates of entrepreneurship follow a Schumpeterian model. Changes in rates of entrepreneurship appear to be driven by changes in technology. Some evidence is also found for the effects of the Protestant Ethic, interest rates, prior rates of entrepreneurship, risk-taking propensity, business failure rates, economic growth, immigration, and age distribution of the population.

scholarly journals HOW THE U.S. PRISON BOOM HAS CHANGED THE AGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRISON POPULATION

Criminology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN C. PORTER ◽  
SHAWN D. BUSHWAY ◽  
HUI-SHIEN TSAO ◽  
HERBERT L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Prison Population ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Performance of Zoster Vaccine Live (Zostavax): A Systematic Review of 12 years of Experimental and Observational Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S412-S413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dooling ◽  
Angela Guo ◽  
Jessica Leung ◽  
Edward Belongia ◽  
Rafael Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Zoster Vaccine ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background One in three people in the U.S. will develop herpes zoster during their life. Zoster Vaccine Live (ZVL or Zostavax™), has been licensed in the U.S. since 2006 to prevent herpes zoster. ZVL protection has been shown to wane with time and estimates of effect can be imprecise. We performed a systematic review of the duration of efficacy and effectiveness of ZVL against herpes zoster (HZ). Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials.gov for vaccine efficacy or effectiveness (VE) studies of ZVL. Two authors independently screened each title and abstract, and potential VE studies were reviewed in-depth. Eligibility criteria included original data on ZVL prevention of HZ in a general population of immunocompetent recipients ≤ 60 years old. Selected articles were abstracted, independently reviewed, and discrepancies adjudicated. We attempted to locate relevant unpublished work and contacted authors for additional data, where necessary. Measures of association were illustrated on a forest plot and converted to VE (1-hazard ratio or risk ratio or odds ratio). Results We screened 1302 articles; 17 underwent full text review and 8 met inclusion criteria and were abstracted for this review. Selected studies included 1 phase III randomized controlled trial, 2 quasi experimental and 5 observational studies. One experimental and 5 observational studies estimated VE during the period from vaccination up to 4 years following vaccination; estimates across studies ranged from 33%-55%. Two quasi experimental and 3 observational studies estimated VE for ≥ 4 years following vaccination; estimates ranged from 19%-40%; the median estimate was 24% (Figure). Pooled VE was not calculated due to heterogeneity in length of follow up, age distribution of study subjects, as well as adjustment for factors such as underlying medical conditions. Conclusion Most experimental and observational studies estimate VE just above 50% during the 3 years following receipt of ZVL. Beyond 3 years, ZVL protection wanes, with most studies estimating a VE of ≤24% after 4 years. Information on overall efficacy and duration of protection from ZVL will guide policy decisions regarding its use. Disclosures E. Belongia, Novavax: Investigator, Research support

scholarly journals Restaurant Organizational Forms and Community in the U.S. in 2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Carroll ◽  
Magnus Thor Torfason
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Food Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Suburban Sprawl ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Analyze Data

Recent sociological theory and research highlights food, drink, and restaurants as culturally meaningful and related to social identity. An implication of this view holds that the prevalence of corporate chain restaurants affects the sociological character of communities, as many activists, popular–based movements, and theorists contend. The analysis we report here seeks to identify the ecological niche properties of chain and independent restaurants—which kinds of communities support restaurant chains, and which kinds of communities tend to support independent local restaurants and food service providers instead. We analyze data from a 2005 sample of 49 counties across the United States with over 17,000 active restaurants. We argue that demographic stability affects the community composition of organizational forms, and we also investigate arguments about a community's income distribution, age distribution, population trends, geographic sprawl, and commuter population. We find that communities with less stable demographic make–ups support more chain restaurants, but that other factors, including suburban sprawl and public transit commuter, also have some impact.

Age-structured models with density-dependent recruitment

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-193
Author(s):  
Louis W. Botsford ◽  
J. Wilson White ◽  
Alan Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Space Competition

This chapter examines age-structured models with density-dependent recruitment. In particular, it focuses on populations with over-compensatory density dependence, such as may occur due to cannibalism or some types of space competition. When the slope (at the equilibrium point) of the relationship between egg production and subsequent recruitment is declining in an over-compensatory way, the population may exhibit unstable limit cycles with period twice the generation time (2T). These cycles occur when that slope is steeply negative and the spawning age distribution has a high mean and low width. These results are applied to study the behavior of cycles in the U.S. west coast Dungeness crab fishery, variability in populations of an intertidal barnacle, and cycles in populations of a pest, the flour beetle. Additionally, it is shown how single-sex harvesting and compensatory growth affect population cycles and equilibria.

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