Volatilization of ammonia from urea-ammonium nitrate solutions as influenced by organic and inorganic additives

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. AL-Kanani ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie ◽  
H. Blenkhorn
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Viscosity, electrical conductivity and density of the system ammonium nitrate-dimethyl sulphoxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115
Author(s):  
Jindřich Novák ◽  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Ivo Sláma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Present System ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium nitrate in dimethyl sulphoxide have been determined over the temperature range 10-60 °C and the concentration range 7-50 mol% of the salt. The variations in the quantities as a function of temperature and concentration have been correlated by empirical equations. A comparison is made between the transport properties for the present system, aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate solutions in dimethyl sulphoxide.

Grain protein responses to nitrogen applied to wheat growing on a red earth

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Angus ◽  
RA Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Dryland wheat was fertilized with ammonium nitrate or liquid urea-ammonium nitrate at the time of sowing or about 3 months later (generally at the terminal-spikelet stage) on a well-drained site near Harden on the south-west slopes of New South Wales. The experiments continued from the second to the fifth year (1981-1984) of the cropping phase of a crop-pasture rotation. The maximum agronomic efficiencies for yield in the four consecutive years were 19, 4, 23 and 25 kg grain per kg of applied nitrogen (N). The three large responses were obtained in wetter than average seasons and the small response was obtained during drought. In the last three years of the study the yield response to nitrogen at the terminal-spikelet stage was found to be close to but slightly less than that for N applied at sowing. In those years the agronomic efficiencies for the late-applied N were 0, 22 and 22. The apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the above-ground parts of the crop at maturity was up to 70% of the fertilizer applied in the year of sowing, and, after the drought during which there was little uptake of fertilizer N, up to 62% by the subsequent crop. The fertilizer efficiencies in the non-drought years were higher than generally reported in south-eastern Australia, and indicate potential for profitable delayed application of N fertilizer to wheat. Grain-protein responses were variable from year to year and are discussed against a simple theoretical background of the amount of N applied and grain-yield response.

Response of Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Grown in Rotation to Clomazone, Imazethapyr, Bentazon, and Acifluorften

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Gary E. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

The response of ‘C-20’ navy bean and ‘Frankenmuth’ soft white winter wheat grown in rotation to clomazone, imazethapyr, bentazon, and acifluorfen was examined. Clomazone at 560 and 430 g ai ha−1plus 800 g ai ha−1pendimethalin and 2000 g ai ha−1chloramben visibly injured navy bean in 1 of 2 yr. However, navy bean seed moisture at harvest and yield was not reduced compared to the weed-free control. PPI and PRE treatments of 70 g ai ha−1imazethapyr did not injure navy bean or reduce yield. Imazethapyr applied POST at 70 g ha−1plus nonionic surfactant visibly injured navy bean. The addition of urea ammonium nitrate to imazethapyr enhanced visible injury and seed moisture compared to nonionic surfactant alone in 1 of 2 yr. However, seed yield was not reduced. Seed moisture at harvest was greater following treatment with 430 g ai ha−1acifluorfen plus nonionic surfactant or urea ammonium nitrate and 140 and 280 g ha−1acifluorfen plus 840 g ai ha−1bentazon in 1 of 2 yr compared to the weed-free control, but yield was not reduced. Wheat yield was reduced in 2 of 2 and 1 of 2 yr by 560 g ha−1and 430 g ha−1clomazone, respectively, plus pendimethalin plus chloramben compared to the weed-free control. Wheat yield was not reduced by imazethapyr, bentazon, or acifluorfen.

Streaming Urea Ammonium Nitrate with or without Enhanced Efficiency Products Impacted Corn Yields, Ammonia, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Woodley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
X. M. Yang ◽  
W. D. Reynolds ◽  
W. Calder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

scholarly journals Ammonia Volatilization, Forage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of Marandu Palisade Grass Pastures in Different N Sources and Doses

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Débora Siniscalchi ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
The Impact

The reduction in ammonia (NH3) losses from volatilization has significant implications in forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and four doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha−1) on N losses by NH3 volatilization, accumulation, and forage chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu. Two field experiments were conducted to measure NH3 losses using semi-open chambers. The forage accumulation and chemical composition were evaluated in the third experiment; the response variables included forage accumulation, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Compared to urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate reduced NH3 losses by 84% and 87% and increased total forage accumulation by 14% and 23%, respectively. Forage accumulation rate and CP increased linearly with the N levels, while NDF contents decreased linearly with the N levels. In both experiments, NH3 losses and forage characteristics were different according to the rainfall pattern and temperature variations. Our results indicate that the use of nitric and ammoniacal fertilizers and the application of fertilizer in the rainy season constitute an efficient fertilizer management strategy to increase forage yield and decrease losses from volatilization of NH3.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Effects on Imazethapyr, 2,4-D and Picloram Absorption by Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mack Thompson ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Robert A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Adaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Adjuvant Effects

Laboratory experiments were conducted to identify adjuvants that improve absorption of imazethapyr, 2,4-D amine, and picloram by leafy spurge. Adjuvants (0.25% v/v) included crop oil concentrate (COC), methylated seed oil (MSO), nonionic surfactant (NIS), organosilicones (Silwet L-77®, Sylgard® 309, Silwet® 408), 3:1 mixtures of acetylinic diol ethoxylates (ADE40, ADE65, ADE85) with Silwet L-77, ammonium sulfate (2.5 kg ha−1), and 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 2.5% v/v). Adjuvants were combined with14C-herbicide and commercially formulated herbicide product. Leaves were harvested 2 DAT, rinsed with 10% aqueous methanol to remove surface deposits of herbicide, and dipped in 9:1 hexane:acetone to solubilize cuticular waxes. Imazethapyr absorption increased by 38 to 68% when UAN was combined with COC, NIS, or MSO. Total absorption of imazethapyr plus COC, MSO, or NIS exceeded 86% 2 DAT when UAN was added. Urea ammonium nitrate reduced the amount of imazethapyr associated with the cuticular wax by 2.0%. Imazethapyr absorption was similar on both the abaxial and adaxial leaf surface when UAN was not added; however, 12% more imazethapyr was absorbed from the abaxial leaf surface than from the adaxial leaf surface when UAN was combined with Sylgard 309. Uptake of 2,4-D ranged from 54 to 78% and was greatest with Silwet 408 and 3:1 mixture of ADE40: Silwet L-77. Picloram absorption ranged from 3 to 19%. Buffering picloram treatment solutions to pH 7 and including 2.5 kg ha-1ammonium sulfate increased picloram absorption to 37%.

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