A comparison of seven soil P tests for plant species with different external P requirements grown on soils containing rock phosphate and superphosphate residues

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Tests

Calibration of methods for soil and diagnostic plant analysis in the Hungarian National Fertilization Long-term Trials. I. Comparison of soil P tests for agronomic purposes in the soils of long-term experiments

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
Péter Csathó ◽  
Marianna Magyar ◽  
Erzsébet Osztoics ◽  
Katalin Debreczeni ◽  
Katalin Sárdi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Soil P Tests

A szabadföldi trágyázási (tartam)kísérletek eredményeit talaj-, illetve diagnosztikai célú növényvizsgálatok segítségével tudjuk kiterjeszteni, általánosítani – figyelembe véve természetesen a kiterjesztés korlátait is. Célszerűnek láttuk ezen túl a talaj könnyen oldható tápelem-, közöttük P-tartalmát is meghatározni a hazánkban hivatalosan elfogadott AL- (ammónium-laktátos) módszer mellett az Európai Unióban és Észak-Amerikában alkalmazott P-tesztekkel is (CaCl2-, H2O-, Olsen-, Bray1-, LE-, Mehlich3- stb.) a hazai OMTK kísérletek talajmintáiban. A kísérleti helyek talajtulajdonságaiban megnyilvánuló jelentős különbségek lehetőséget adnak rá, hogy a talaj P-teszteket – és a növényi P-felvételt – jellegzetes hazai talajokon, sokszor szélsőséges talajparaméterek mellett vizsgáljuk. Az egyes P-szintek között a 28 év átlagában mintegy évi 50 kg P2O5·ha-1volt a különbség. A P0-szinten mért P-tartalmak jól jelezték az egyes kísérleti helyek talajának eltérő P-ellátottságát, illetve, közvetve, fizikai féleségében, pH és mészállapotában meglévő különbségeket. A P2-szinten – a hazai talajokra, P-igényes növényekre a hazai szabadföldi P-trágyázási tartamkísérleti adatbázisban talált összefüggésekre alapozott – új AL-P határértékek szerint csupán a bicsérdi csernozjom barna erdőtalajon nem javult a P-ellátottság legalább a „jó” szintig. Vizsgálataink megerősítették az AL-módszer függőségét a CaCO3-tartalomtól: a Mehlich3 módszerrel való összefüggésben a karbonátmentes és a karbonátos talajok csoportja erőteljesen elkülönült egymástól. Az AL-P korrekció elvégzése, azaz az AL-P értékeknek egy standard talajtulajdonság-sorra való konvertálása (KA: 36; pH(KCl): 6,8; CaCO3: 0,1%) látványosan csökkentette az AL-módszernek a talaj CaCO3-tartalmától való függőségét. Az AL-P és Olsen-P, valamint a korrigált AL-P és Olsen-P tartalmak összehasonlításában ugynakkor ugyanez az összefüggés nem volt állapítható, ami arra utal, hogy az Olsen módszer bizonyos fokig szintén pH- és mészállapot függő. Kísérleti eredményeink megerősítették a Sarkadi-féle AL-P korrekciós modell helytálló voltát. Fenti megállapításunkat ugyanakkor a növényi P-tartalmakkal való összefüggéseknek is igazolniuk kell. Szükséges tehát a talajvizsgálati eredményeknek a diagnosztikai célú növényvizsgálatokkal, valamint a terméseredményekkel való összevetése. A tartamkísérletek talajai lehetőséget nyújtanak a környezetvédelmi célú P-vizsgálatok értékelésére, a talaj P-feltöltöttsége környezeti kockázatának becslésére. Ezekkel a kérdésekkel a cikksorozat további részeiben kívánunk foglalkozni.

scholarly journals Looming Scarcity of Phosphate Rock and Intensification of Soil Phosphorus Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe C. Baveye
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Past ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Short Essay

In recent years, many researchers have claimed that world reserves of rock phosphate were getting depleted at an alarming rate, putting us on the path to scarcity of that essential resource within the next few decades. Others have claimed that such alarmist forecasts were frequent in the past and have always been proven unfounded, making it likely that the same will be true in the future. Both viewpoints are directly relevant to the level of funding devoted to research on the use of phosphate fertilizers. In this short essay, it is argued that information about future reserves of P or any other resource are impossible to predict, and therefore that the threat of a possible depletion of P reserves should not be used as a key motivation for an intensification of research on soil P. However, there are other, more compelling reasons, both geopolitical and environmental, to urgently step up our collective efforts to devise agricultural practices that make better use of P than is the case at the moment.

A comparison of some surface soil phosphorus tests that could be used to assess P export potential

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nash ◽  
Murray Hannah ◽  
Kirsten Barlow ◽  
Fiona Robertson ◽  
Nicole Mathers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic P ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil P Tests ◽  
Total P ◽  
Water Extractable

Phosphorus (P) exports from agricultural land are a problem world-wide and soil tests are often used to identify high risk areas. A recent study investigated changes in soil (0–20 mm), soil water and overland flow in 4 recently laser-graded (<1 year) and 4 established (laser-graded >10 years) irrigated pastures in south-eastern Australia before and after 3 years of irrigated dairy production. We use the results from that study to briefly examine the relationships between a series of ‘agronomic’ (Olsen P, Colwell P), environmental (water-extractable P, calcium chloride extractable P, P sorption saturation, and P sorption), and other (total P, organic P) soil P tests. Of the 2 ‘agronomic’ soil P tests, Colwell P explained 91% of the variation in Olsen P, and Colwell P was better correlated with the other soil tests. With the exception of P sorption, all soil P tests explained 57% or more of the total variation in Colwell P, while they explained 61% or less of Olsen P possibly due to the importance of organic P in this soil. Variations in total P were best explained by the organic P (85%), Calcium chloride extractable P (83%), water-extractable P (78%), and P sorption saturation (76%). None of the tests adequately predicted the variation in P sorption at 5 mg P/L equilibrating solution concentration. The results of this limited study highlight the variability between soil P tests that may be used to estimate P loss potential. Moreover, these results suggest that empirical relationships between specific soil P tests and P export potential will have limited resolution where different soil tests are used, as the errors in the relationship between soil test P and P loss potential are compounded by between test variation. We conclude that broader study is needed to determine the relationships between soil P tests for Australian soils, and based on that study a standard protocol for assessing the potential for P loss should be developed.

Some effects of lime, nitrogen and soluble and insoluble phosphate on the yield and mineral composition of established grassland

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Insoluble Phosphate ◽  
Highly Correlated

SummaryTwelve factorial experiments made from 1977 to 1981 compared the effects of 0, 4 and 8 t CaCO3/ha, 0 and 360 kg N/ha/year as urea and 0 and 60 kg P/ha/year as either superphosphate or ground rock phosphate on the yield and mineral composition of established grassland on soils of pH 4·7–5·6 in Northern Ireland.Lime did not increase yield whether urea was applied or not. It substantially reduced herbage Mn and, to a lesser extent, herbage P, Mg and Zn.With lime, ground rock phosphate was almost completely ineffective in raising yield and herbage P content. Without lime, it had some value but was less effective than superphosphate.Soil P extracted either by ammonium acetate at pH 4·2 or Olsen sodium bicarbonate reagent did not predict response to superphosphate. When the soil test values were adjusted for field bulk density, soil P extracted by ammonium acetate, but not by Olsen reagent, was significantly correlated with response.Herbage P in the first cut in 1978 was highly correlated with response to superphosphate; only sites with herbage P < 0·27% responded to P.

Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musibau O. Azeez ◽  
Gitte Holton Rubæk ◽  
Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Water Extractable

Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for &gt;100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for &gt;100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.

scholarly journals Four soil phosphorus (P) tests evaluated by plant P uptake and P balancing in the Ultuna long-term field experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosch Klaus A ◽  
Santner Jakob ◽  
Parvage Mohammed Masud ◽  
Gerzabek Martin Hubert ◽  
Zehetner Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil P Tests ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Term Field

Soil phosphorus (P) availability was assessed with four different soil P tests on seven soils of the Ultuna long-term field experiment (Sweden). These four soil P tests were (1) P-H<sub>2</sub>O (water extractable P); (2) P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> (water extractable P upon 10 consecutive extractions); (3) P-AL (ammonium lactate extractable P) and (4) P-C<sub>DGT</sub> (P desorbable using diffusive gradients in thin films). The suitability of these soil P tests to predict P availability was assessed by correlation with plant P uptake (mean of preceding 11 years) and soil P balancing (input vs. output on plot level for a period of 54 years). The ability to predict these parameters was in the order P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> &gt; P-C<sub>DGT</sub> &gt; P-H<sub>2</sub>O &gt; P-AL. Thus, methods considering the P-resupply from the soil solid phase to soil solution performed clearly better than equilibrium-based extractions. Our findings suggest that the P-AL test, commonly used for P-fertilizer recommendations in Sweden, could not predict plant P uptake and the soil P balance in a satisfying way in the analysed soils.

PHOSPHORUS-MOBILIZATION STRATEGY BASED ON CARBOXYLATE EXUDATION IN LUPINS (LUPINUS, FABACEAE): A MECHANISM FACILITATING THE GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION OF NEIGHBOURING PLANTS UNDER PHOSPHORUS-LIMITED CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. S. B. DISSANAYAKA ◽  
W. M. K. R. WICKRAMASINGHE ◽  
BUDDHI MARAMBE ◽  
JUN WASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Available P ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Carboxylate Exudation

SUMMARYThe capability of some plant species to mobilize phosphorus (P) from poorly available soil P fractions can improve P availability for P-inefficient plant species in intercropping. White lupin (Lupinus albus) has been investigated as a model P-mobilizing plant for its capability of enhancing the P acquisition of neighbouring species under P-limited conditions. To date, investigations have led to contrasting findings, where some reports have described a positive effect of intercropped lupins on companion plants, whereas others have revealed no effects. This review summarizes the literature related to lupin–cereal intercropping. It explores the underpinning mechanisms that influence interspecific facilitation of P acquisition. The P-mobilization-based facilitation by lupins to enhance P-acquisition of co-occurring plant species is determined by both available P concentration and P-sorption capacity of soil, and the root intermingling capacity among two plant partners enabling rhizosphere overlapping. In lupin–cereal intercropping, lupin enhances the below-ground concentration of labile P pools through mobilization of P from sparingly available P pools, which is accomplished through carboxylate exudation, where neighbouring species acquire part of the mobilized P. The non-P-mobilizing species benefit only under P-limited conditions when they immediately occupy the maximum soil volume influenced by P-mobilizing lupin. Positive effects of mixed cropping are apparent in alkaline, neutral and acidic soils. However, the facilitation of P acquisition by lupins to companion species is eliminated when soil becomes strongly P-sorbing. In such soils, the limitation of root growth can result in poorer root intermingling between two species. The P mobilized by lupins might not be acquired by neighbouring species because it is bound to P-sorbing compounds. We suggest that the lupins can be best used as P-mobilizing plant species to enhance P acquisition of P-inefficient species under P-limited conditions when plant species are grown with compatible crops and soil types that facilitate sharing of rhizosphere functions among intercropped partners.

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