Protein elasticity based on conformations of sequential polypeptides: The biological elastic fiber

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 403-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan W. Urry
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Protein Elasticity

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

scholarly journals Effective Complex Properties for Three-Phase Elastic Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Different Unit Cells

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Federico J. Sabina ◽  
Yoanh Espinosa-Almeyda ◽  
Raúl Guinovart-Díaz ◽  
Reinaldo Rodríguez-Ramos ◽  
Héctor Camacho-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Effective Properties ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Effective Coefficients ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Unit Cells

The development of micromechanical models to predict the effective properties of multiphase composites is important for the design and optimization of new materials, as well as to improve our understanding about the structure–properties relationship. In this work, the two-scale asymptotic homogenization method (AHM) is implemented to calculate the out-of-plane effective complex-value properties of periodic three-phase elastic fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) with parallelogram unit cells. Matrix and inclusions materials have complex-valued properties. Closed analytical expressions for the local problems and the out-of-plane shear effective coefficients are given. The solution of the homogenized local problems is found using potential theory. Numerical results are reported and comparisons with data reported in the literature are shown. Good agreements are obtained. In addition, the effects of fiber volume fractions and spatial fiber distribution on the complex effective elastic properties are analyzed. An analysis of the shear effective properties enhancement is also studied for three-phase FRCs.

scholarly journals Enhancement of elastin expression by transdermal administration of sialidase isozyme Neu2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Minami ◽  
Yuka Fujita ◽  
Jun Goto ◽  
Ayano Iuchi ◽  
Kosei Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Sialic Acid Residue ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Sialidase Activity ◽  
Fiber Assembly ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mice

AbstractReduction of elastin in the skin causes various skin diseases as well as wrinkles and sagging with aging. Sialidase is a hydrolase that cleaves a sialic acid residue from sialoglycoconjugate. Cleavage of sialic acid from microfibrils by the sialidase isozyme Neu1 facilitates elastic fiber assembly. In the present study, we showed that a lower layer of the dermis and muscle showed relatively intense sialidase activity. The sialidase activity in the skin decreased with aging. Choline and geranate (CAGE), one of the ionic liquids, can deliver the sialidase subcutaneously while maintaining the enzymatic activity. The elastin level in the dermis was increased by applying sialidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens (AUSA) with CAGE on the skin for 5 days in rats and senescence-accelerated mice prone 1 and 8. Sialidase activity in the dermis was considered to be mainly due to Neu2 based on the expression level of sialidase isozyme mRNA. Transdermal administration of Neu2 with CAGE also increased the level of elastin in the dermis. Therefore, not only Neu1 but also Neu2 would be involved in elastic fiber assembly. Transdermal administration of sialidase is expected to be useful for improvement of wrinkles and skin disorders due to the loss of elastic fibers.

scholarly journals Clinical Relevance of Elastin in the Structure and Function of Skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Baumann ◽  
Eric F Bernstein ◽  
Anthony S Weiss ◽  
Damien Bates ◽  
Shannon Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Superficial Dermis ◽  
And Function

Abstract Elastin is the main component of elastic fibers, which provide stretch, recoil, and elasticity to the skin. Normal levels of elastic fiber production, organization, and integration with other cutaneous extracellular matrix proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans are integral to maintaining healthy skin structure, function, and youthful appearance. Although elastin has very low turnover, its production decreases after individuals reach maturity and it is susceptible to damage from many factors. With advancing age and exposure to environmental insults, elastic fibers degrade. This degradation contributes to the loss of the skin’s structural integrity; combined with subcutaneous fat loss, this results in looser, sagging skin, causing undesirable changes in appearance. The most dramatic changes occur in chronically sun-exposed skin, which displays sharply altered amounts and arrangements of cutaneous elastic fibers, decreased fine elastic fibers in the superficial dermis connecting to the epidermis, and replacement of the normal collagen-rich superficial dermis with abnormal clumps of solar elastosis material. Disruption of elastic fiber networks also leads to undesirable characteristics in wound healing, and the worsening structure and appearance of scars and stretch marks. Identifying ways to replenish elastin and elastic fibers should improve the skin’s appearance, texture, resiliency, and wound-healing capabilities. However, few therapies are capable of repairing elastic fibers or substantially reorganizing the elastin/microfibril network. This review describes the clinical relevance of elastin in the context of the structure and function of healthy and aging skin, wound healing, and scars and introduces new approaches being developed to target elastin production and elastic fiber formation.

scholarly journals Dill Extract Induces Elastic Fiber Neosynthesis and Functional Improvement in the Ascending Aorta of Aged Mice with Reversal of Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Involvement of Lysyl Oxidase-Like-1

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Fhayli ◽  
Quentin Boëté ◽  
Nadjib Kihal ◽  
Valérie Cenizo ◽  
Pascal Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Elastic fibers (90% elastin, 10% fibrillin-rich microfibrils) are synthesized only in early life and adolescence mainly by the vascular smooth muscle cells through the cross-linking of its soluble precursor, tropoelastin. Elastic fibers endow the large elastic arteries with resilience and elasticity. Normal vascular aging is associated with arterial remodeling and stiffening, especially due to the end of production and degradation of elastic fibers, leading to altered cardiovascular function. Several pharmacological treatments stimulate the production of elastin and elastic fibers. In particular, dill extract (DE) has been demonstrated to stimulate elastin production in vitro in dermal equivalent models and in skin fibroblasts to increase lysyl oxidase–like-1 (LOXL-1) gene expression, an enzyme contributing to tropoelastin crosslinking and elastin formation. Here, we have investigated the effects of a chronic treatment (three months) of aged male mice with DE (5% or 10% v/v, in drinking water) on the structure and function of the ascending aorta. DE treatment, especially at 10%, of aged mice protected pre-existing elastic lamellae, reactivated tropoelastin and LOXL-1 expressions, induced elastic fiber neo-synthesis, and decreased the stiffness of the aging aortic wall, probably explaining the reversal of the age-related cardiac hypertrophy also observed following the treatment. DE could thus be considered as an anti-aging product for the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals A Negatively Charged Residue Stabilizes the Tropoelastin N-terminal Region for Elastic Fiber Assembly

2014 ◽  
Vol 289 (50) ◽  
pp. 34815-34826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle C. Yeo ◽  
Clair Baldock ◽  
Steven G. Wise ◽  
Anthony S. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Fiber Assembly ◽  
Charged Residue

scholarly journals Collagen and Elastic Fiber Content Correlation Analysis between Horizontal and Vertical Orientations of Skin Samples of Human Body

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Satheesha Nayak Badagabettu ◽  
Ranjini Kudva ◽  
Sudarshan Surendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Dermal Collagen ◽  
Lateral Chest ◽  
Skin Samples

Background. Unequal distribution of dermal collagen and elastic fibers in different orientations of skin is reported to be one of the multifocal causes of scar related complications. Present study is to understand the correlation pattern between collagen in horizontal (CH) and in vertical (CV) directions as well as that of elastic in horizontal (EH) and vertical (EV) directions.Materials and Method. A total of 320 skin samples were collected in two orientations from suprascapular, anterior chest, lateral chest, anterior abdominal wall, and inguinal regions of 32 human cadavers. Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was calculated between the variables (CH,CV,EH, andEV).Results. Significant positive correlation betweenCHandCV, and betweenEHandEVobserved in all 5 areas tested. A negative correlation betweenCVandEVat suprascapular, lateral chest, and inguinal regions and negative correlation betweenCHandEHat anterior chest and anterior abdominal wall have been identified.Conclusion. Knowledge of asymmetric content of dermal collagen and elastic fibers together with the varied strength and degree of association in the given area provides guidelines to the dermatologists and aesthetic surgeons in placing elective incisions in the direction maximally utilizing the anatomical facts for aesthetically pleasing result.

On the Properties of Anisotropic Piezoelectric and Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gaith ◽  
Cevdet Akgoz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Semiconductor Compounds ◽  
Degree Of Anisotropy ◽  
Tensor Basis

A new procedure based on constructing orthonormal tensor basis using the form-invariant expressions which can easily be extended to any tensor of rank n. A new decomposition, which is not in literature, of the stress tensor is presented. An innovational general form and more explicit physical property of the symmetric fourth rank elastic tensors is presented. The new method allows to measure the stiffness and piezoelectricity in the elastic fiber reinforced composite and piezoelectric ceramic materials, respecively, using a proposed norm concept on the crystal scale. This method will allow to investigate the effects of fiber orientaion, number of plies, material properties of matrix and fibers, and degree of anisotropy on the stiffness of the structure. The results are compared with those available in the literature for semiconductor compounds, piezoelectric ceramics and fiber reinforced composite materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document