Rectifier emf and short-circuit current as functions of integral neutron flux for gallium arsenide p-n junctions

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-278
Author(s):  
V. I. Gaman ◽  
V. D. Okunev ◽  
A. P. Mamontov ◽  
B. A. Nichipurenko
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Neutron Flux ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Integral Neutron ◽  
Integral Neutron Flux

scholarly journals Efficiency Enhancement of Gallium Arsenide Photovoltaics Using Solution-Processed Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Light Scattering Layers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangsen Kang ◽  
Dong Liang ◽  
Saahil Mehra ◽  
Yijie Huo ◽  
Yusi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle

We demonstrate a high-throughput, solution-based process for subwavelength surface texturing of a III-V compound solar cell. A zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle ink is spray-coated directly on top of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cell. The nanostructured ZnO films have demonstrated antireflection and light scattering properties over the visible/near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The results show a broadband spectral enhancement of the solar cell external quantum efficiency (EQE), a 16% enhancement of short circuit current, and a 10% increase in photovoltaic efficiency.

Estimation Methods of Short Circuit Current using Normal PMU Measurements and Field Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Suresh Chand Verma ◽  
Yoshiki Nakachi ◽  
Yoshihiko Wazawa ◽  
Yoko Kosaka ◽  
Takenori Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Estimation Methods

About the Selection of a Single-Phase Short-Circuit Current on Earth in the Network With Low-Ohm Resistive Grounding of the Neutral

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Andrei V. MAIOROV ◽  
◽  
Kirill A. OSINTSEV ◽  
Andrei V. SHUNTOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Selection Of

Optical Absorption Enhancement in Polymer BHJ thin Film Using Ag Nanostructures: A Simulation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-567
Author(s):  
Asma Khalil ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Farid Touati ◽  
Mohamed Masmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Organic Solar Cell ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Butyric Acid Methyl Ester

Background: The photo-absorption and light trapping through the different layers of the organic solar cell structures are a growing concern now-a-days as it affects dramatically the overall efficiency of the cells. In fact, selecting the right material combination is a key factor in increasing the efficiency in the layers. In addition to good absorption properties, insertion of nanostructures has been proved in recent researches to affect significantly the light trapping inside the organic solar cell. All these factors are determined to expand the absorption spectrum and tailor it to a wider spectrum. Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to explore the consequence of the incorporation of the Ag nanostructures, with different sizes and structures, on the photo absorption of the organic BHJ thin films. Methods: Through a three-dimensional Maxwell solver software, Lumerical FDTD, a simulation and comparison of the optical absorption of the three famous organic materials blends poly(3- hexylthiophene): phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM), poly[N-9″-heptadecanyl-2,7- carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]: phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PCBM) and poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt- 4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]: phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PCDPDTBT:PCBM) has been conducted. Furthermore, FDTD simulation study of the incorporation of nanoparticles structures with different sizes, in different locations and concentrations through a bulk heterojunction organic solar cell structure has also been performed. Results: It has been demonstrated that embedding nanostructures in different locations of the cell, specifically in the active layer and the hole transporting layer had a considerable effect of widening the absorption spectrum and increasing the short circuit current. The effect of incorporation the nanostructures in the active layer has been proved to be greater than in the HTL. Furthermore, the comparison results showed that, PCDTBT:PCBM is no more advantageous over P3HT:PCBM and PCPDTBT:PCBM, and P3HT:PCBM took the lead and showed better performance in terms of absorption spectrum and short circuit current value. Conclusion: This work revealed the significant effect of size, location and concentration of the Ag nanostructures while incorporated in the organic solar cell. In fact, embedding nanostructures in the solar cell widen the absorption spectrum and increases the short circuit current, this result has been proven to be significant only when the nanostructures are inserted in the active layer following specific dimensions and structures.

Determining the exciton diffusion length of copper phthalocyanine in operating planar-heterojunction organic solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 30201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Guan ◽  
Shiyu Wang ◽  
Wenxing Liu ◽  
Dashan Qin ◽  
Dayan Ban
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Copper Phthalocyanine ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Exciton Diffusion ◽  
Exciton Diffusion Length

Organic solar cells based on planar copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C60 heterojunction have been characterized, in which a 2 nm-thick layer of bathocuproine (BCP) is inserted into the CuPc layer. The thin layer of BCP allows hole current to tunnel it through but blocks the exciton diffusion, thereby altering the steady-state exciton profile in the CuPc zone (zone 1) sandwiched between BCP and C60. The short-circuit current density (JSC) of device is limited by the hole-exciton scattering effect at the BCP/CuPc (zone 1) interface. Based on the variation of JSC with the width of zone 1, the exciton diffusion length of CuPc is deduced to be 12.5–15 nm. The current research provides an easy and helpful method to determine the exciton diffusion lengths of organic electron donors.

scholarly journals Antireflection Improvement and Junction Quality Optimization of Si/PEDOT:PSS Solar Cell with the Introduction of Dopamine@Graphene

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5986
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Leiming Yu ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Anran Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic Conversion ◽  
Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency

Si/PEDOT: PSS solar cell is an optional photovoltaic device owing to its promising high photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) and economic manufacture process. In this work, dopamine@graphene was firstly introduced between the silicon substrate and PEDOT:PSS film for Si/PEDOT: PSS solar cell. The dopamine@graphene was proved to be effective in improving the PCE, and the influence of mechanical properties of dopamine@graphene on solar cell performance was revealed. When dopamine@graphene was incorporated into the cell preparation, the antireflection ability of the cell was enhanced within the wavelength range of 300~450 and 650~1100 nm. The enhanced antireflection ability would benefit amount of the photon-generated carriers. The electrochemical impedance spectra test revealed that the introduction of dopamine@graphene could facilitate the separation of carriers and improve the junction quality. Thus, the short-circuit current density and fill factor were both promoted, which led to the improved PCE. Meanwhile, the influence of graphene concentration on device performances was also investigated. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency would be promoted from 11.06% to 13.15% when dopamine@graphene solution with concentration 1.5 mg/mL was applied. The achievements of this study showed that the dopamine@graphene composites could be an useful materials for high-performance Si/PEDOT:PSS solar cells.

Endothelin stimulates chloride secretion across canine tracheal epithelium

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. L188-L194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Plews ◽  
Z. A. Abdel-Malek ◽  
C. A. Doupnik ◽  
G. D. Leikauf
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Chloride Secretion ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Cl Secretion ◽  
Tracheal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tracheal Epithelial

The endothelins (ET) are a group of isopeptides produced by a number of cells, including canine tracheal epithelial cells. Because these compounds are endogenous peptides that may activate eicosanoid metabolism, we investigated the effects of ET on Cl secretion in canine tracheal epithelium. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) was found to produce a dose-dependent change in short-circuit current (Isc) that increased slowly and reached a maximal value within 10-15 min. When isopeptides of ET were compared, 300 nM ET-1 and ET-2 produced comparable maximal increases in Isc, whereas ET-3 produced smaller changes in Isc (half-maximal concentrations of 2.2, 7.2, and 10.4 nM, respectively). Ionic substitution of Cl with nontransported anions, iodide and gluconate, reduced ET-1-induced changes in Isc. Furthermore, the response was inhibited by the NaCl cotransport inhibitor, furosemide. In paired tissues, ET-1 significantly increased mucosal net 36Cl flux without significant effect on 22Na flux. The increase in Isc induced by ET was diminished by pretreatment with indomethacin. The second messengers mediating the increase in Isc were investigated in cultured canine tracheal epithelial cells. ET-1 stimulated the release of [3H]arachidonate from membrane phospholipids, increased intracellular Ca2+ (occasionally producing oscillations), and increased adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation. The latter was diminished by indomethacin. Thus ET is a potent agonist of Cl secretion (with the isopeptides having the following potency: ET-1 greater than or equal to ET-2 greater than ET-3) and acts, in part, through a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism.

OSMOTIC INHIBITION OF THE NATRIFERIC RESPONSE OF THE TOAD URINARY BLADDER TO VASOPRESSIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
P. J. BENTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Toad Bladder ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Osmotic Gradient

SUMMARY The electrical potential difference and short-circuit current (scc, reflecting active transmural sodium transport) across the toad urinary bladder in vitro was unaffected by the presence of hypo-osmotic solutions bathing the mucosal (urinary) surface, providing that the transmural flow of water was small. Vasopressin increased the scc across the toad bladder (the natriferic response), but this stimulation was considerably reduced in the presence of a hypo-osmotic solution on the mucosal side, conditions under which water transfer across the membrane was also increased. This inhibition of the natriferic response did not depend on the direction of the water movement, for if the osmotic gradient was the opposite way to that which normally occurs, the response to vasopressin was still reduced. The natriferic response to cyclic AMP was also inhibited in the presence of an osmotic gradient. Aldosterone increased the scc and Na+ transport across the toad bladder but this response was not changed when an osmotic gradient was present. The physiological implications of these observations and the possible mechanisms involved are discussed.

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