Parametric estimates of statistical tests in digital time-interval measurements

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 774-776
Author(s):  
A. A. Os'minin ◽  
V. V. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Digital Time

scholarly journals Global Surgery indicators and pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter cross-country comparative study building the case for health systems strengthening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Paul Ferraris ◽  
Eric Paolo Palabyab ◽  
Sergei Kim ◽  
Hideaki Matsumura ◽  
Maria Eufemia Yap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Csf Diversion ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare specific three-institution, cross-country data that are relevant to the Global Surgery indicators and the functioning of health systems. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of pediatric patients who underwent CSF diversion surgery for hydrocephalus in three different centers: University of Tsukuba Hospital in Ibaraki, Japan (HIC), Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center in Manila, Philippines (LMIC), and the Federal Neurosurgical Center in Novosibirsk, Russia (UMIC). The outcomes of interest were timing of CSF diversion surgery and mortality. Statistical tests included descriptive statistics, Cox proportional hazards model, and logistic regression. Nation-level data were also obtained to provide the relevant socioeconomic contexts in discussing the results. Results: In total, 159 children were included—13 from Japan, 99 from the Philippines, and 47 from the Russian Federation. The median time to surgery at the specific neurosurgical centers were 6 days in the Philippines and 1 day in both Japan and Russia. For the cohort from the Philippines, non-poor patients were more likely to receive CSF diversion surgery at an earlier time (HR=4.74, 95%CI 2.34–9.61, p<0.001). In the same center, those with infantile or post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (HR=3.72, 95%CI 1.70–8.15, p=0.001) were more likely to receive CSF diversion earlier compared to those with congenital hydrocephalus, and those with post-infectious (HR=0.39, 95%CI 0.22–0.70, p=0.002) or myelomeningocele-associated hydrocephalus (HR=0.46, 95%CI 0.22–0.95, p=0.037) were less likely to undergo surgery at an earlier time. For Russia, older patients were more likely to receive or require early CSF diversion (HR=1.07, 95%CI 1.01–1.14, p=0.035). EVD insertion was found to be associated with mortality (cOR 14.45, 95% CI 1.28–162.97, p = 0.031). Conclusion: In this study, Filipino children underwent late time-interval of CSF diversion surgery and had mortality differences compared to their Japanese and Russian counterparts. These disparities may reflect on the functioning of the respective country’s health systems.

A high-resolution digital time-interval measurement instrument

Measurement ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Mirri ◽  
Gaetano Pasini ◽  
Gaetano Iuculano ◽  
Fabio Filicori ◽  
Gabriella Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Interval Measurement ◽  
Time Interval Measurement ◽  
Digital Time

Analysis of Data Associated with Seemingly Temporal Clustering of a Rare Disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Goldbourt ◽  
R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temporal Clustering ◽  
Power Curves

Abstract:Three statistical tests aimed at detecting temporal clustering within a given short series of diagnoses are presented. These tests are based on a standardized time interval between consecutive diagnoses. Two of the tests (the Cuscore and the Sets tests) are derived from sequential monitoring techniques which are sensitive to temporal clustering within the data set. The third test (R test) is not sequential and its sensitivity is focused on the average increase in the overall rate of the disease rather than on clustering within the series. Power curves are presented for conditions related to the intensity level of the subtle epidemic, the cluster size and the number of diagnoses. None of the techniques showed highest efficiency over all the specified conditions. The R test is the most efficient when the relative risk is 2 or less, and the Cuscore test is the most efficient method when the relative risk is ≥2.5.

A Bayesian Framework for Aftershock Forecasting and Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Marked Point Process ◽  
Statistical Seismology ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Etas Model

&lt;p&gt;Earthquakes trigger subsequent earthquakes. They form clusters and swarms in space and in time. This is a direct manifestation of the non-Poisson behavior in the occurrence of earthquakes, where earthquake magnitudes and time intervals between successive events are not independent and are influenced by past seismicity. As a result, the distribution of the number of earthquakes is no longer strictly Poisson and the statistics of the largest events deviate from the GEV distribution. In statistical seismology, the occurrence of earthquakes is typically approximated by a stochastic marked point process. Among different models, the ETAS model is the most successful in reproducing several key aspects of seismicity. Recent analysis suggests that the ETAS model generates sequences of events which are not Poisson. This becomes important when the ETAS based models are used for earthquake forecasting (Shcherbakov et al., Nature Comms., 2019). In this work, I consider the Bayesian framework combined with the ETAS model to constrain the magnitudes of the largest expected aftershocks during a future forecasting time interval. This includes the MCMC sampling of the posterior distribution of the ETAS parameters and computation of the Bayesian predictive distribution for the magnitudes of the largest expected events. To validate the forecasts, the statistical tests developed by the CSEP are reformulated for the Bayesian framework. In addition, I define and compute the Bayesian p-value to evaluate the consistency of the forecasted extreme earthquakes during each forecasting time interval. The Bayesian p-value gives the probability that the largest forecasted earthquake can be more extreme than the observed one. The suggested approach is applied to the recent 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence to forecast retrospectively the occurrence of the largest aftershocks (Shcherbakov, JGR, 2021). The results indicate that the Bayesian approach combined with the ETAS model outperformed the approach based on the Poisson assumption, which uses the extreme value distribution and the Omori law.&lt;/p&gt;

Rack for testing digital time-interval meters

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371-1372
Author(s):  
V. V. Il'in
Keyword(s):  
Time Interval ◽  
Digital Time

Digital Time‐Interval Analyzer

1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hohenberger ◽  
H. Lindeman
Keyword(s):  
Time Interval ◽  
Digital Time
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