The embryonic organization of the genital disc studied in genetic mosaics ofDrosophila melanogaster

1978 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudi Sch�pbach ◽  
Eric Wieschaus ◽  
Rolf N�thiger
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mosaics ◽  
Genital Disc

scholarly journals Genital disc growth in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Carolina Arias ◽  
Adriana Zapata ◽  
Francisco Ludueña-Almeida ◽  
Marcelo Zacharonok ◽  
Ana Macías
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Genetic Mosaics ◽  
Genital Disc ◽  
Asymmetric Growth ◽  
Proliferative Signaling

Prior to completion, apoptosis causes the secretion of different signals, including proliferative signals. Signaling associated with death was discovered in Drosophila and mostly characterized by the induction of experimental death. Thus, less is known about physiological death. Here, we analyzed physiological death in the genital disc, a structure with bilateral symmetry, in different growth scenarios. To this end, we prevented or promoted death in regions or in genetic mosaics. We observed that physiological death in the genital disc was associated with proliferative signals and that both processes were JNK-dependent. The proliferative signals promoted growth in the genitalia primordia but not in the analia. Due to the proliferative signaling, the prevention of death that produced undead cells provoked asymmetric growth, high variability in proliferation, and size reduction. Death can occur in the absence of JNK but without signaling. JNK is fundamental for growth and death associated with signaling.

Genetic analysis of leaf development in cotton

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Dolan ◽  
R. Scott Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Genetic Mosaics ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Marginal Region ◽  
Lineage Analysis

Leaf shape in cotton is regulated by the developmental age of the shoot and by several major genes that affect leaf lobing. The effect of these factors was investigated by allometric analysis, cell lineage analysis, and by studying the expression of the leaf shape mutation, Okra, in genetic mosaics. Allometric analysis of leaf growth suggests that leaf shape is determined during the initiation of the primordium rather than during the expansion phase of leaf growth. Clonal analysis demonstrates that both the rate and duration of cell division are fairly uniform throughout the leaf. Cells in the marginal region of the developing cotton leaf contribute more to the growth of the lamina than they do in tobacco. The Okra mutation acts early in the development of a leaf and appears to accentuate a developmental pattern that is also responsible for heteroblastic variation in leaf shape. The expression of this mutation in genetic mosaics demonstrates that its effect does not diffuse laterally within the leaf primordium.

Cell-autonomous shift from axial to paraxial mesodermal development in zebrafish floating head mutants

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 4257-4264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Halpern ◽  
C. Thisse ◽  
R.K. Ho ◽  
B. Thisse ◽  
B. Riggleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Mosaics ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Ventral Neural Tube ◽  
Mesodermal Development

Zebrafish floating head mutant embryos lack notochord and develop somitic muscle in its place. This may result from incorrect specification of the notochord domain at gastrulation, or from respecification of notochord progenitors to form muscle. In genetic mosaics, floating head acts cell autonomously. Transplanted wild-type cells differentiate into notochord in mutant hosts; however, cells from floating head mutant donors produce muscle rather than notochord in wild-type hosts. Consistent with respecification, markers of axial mesoderm are initially expressed in floating head mutant gastrulas, but expression does not persist. Axial cells also inappropriately express markers of paraxial mesoderm. Thus, single cells in the mutant midline transiently co-express genes that are normally specific to either axial or paraxial mesoderm. Since floating head mutants produce some floor plate in the ventral neural tube, midline mesoderm may also retain early signaling capabilities. Our results suggest that wild-type floating head provides an essential step in maintaining, rather than initiating, development of notochord-forming axial mesoderm.

Identifying tumor suppressors in genetic mosaics: the Drosophila lats gene encodes a putative protein kinase

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Xu ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
S. Zhang ◽  
R.A. Stewart ◽  
W. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Genetic Mosaics ◽  
Putative Protein ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Putative Protein Kinase

We have identified recessive overproliferation mutations by screening and examining clones of mutant cells in genetic mosaics of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. This type of screen provides a powerful approach for identifying and studying potential tumor suppressors. One of the identified genes, lats, has been cloned and encodes a putative protein kinase that shares high levels of sequence similarity with three proteins in budding yeast and Neurospora that are involved in regulation of the cell cycle and growth. Mutations in lats cause dramatic overproliferation phenotypes and various developmental defects in both mosaic animals and homozygous mutants.

Nubbin encodes a POU-domain protein required for proximal-distal patterning in the Drosophila wing

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ng ◽  
F.J. Diaz-Benjumea ◽  
S.M. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Genetic Mosaics ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Pou Domain ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Wing Structures ◽  
Wing Imaginal Discs ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The nubbin gene is required for normal growth and patterning of the wing in Drosophila. We report here that nubbin encodes a member of the POU family of transcription factors. Regulatory mutants which selectively remove nubbin expression from wing imaginal discs lead to loss of wing structures. Although nubbin is expressed throughout the wing primordium, analysis of genetic mosaics suggests a localized requirement for nubbin activity in the wing hinge. These observations suggest the existence of a novel proximal-distal growth control center in the wing hinge, which is required in addition to the well characterized anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral compartment boundary organizing centers.

The terminal differentiation factor LIN-29 is required for proper vulval morphogenesis and egg laying in Caenorhabditis elegans

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4333-4342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Bettinger ◽  
S. Euling ◽  
A.E. Rougvie
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vulval Development ◽  
Genetic Mosaics ◽  
Hypodermal Cell ◽  
Heterochronic Gene ◽  
Final Molt

Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development culminates during exit from the L4-to-adult molt with the formation of an opening through the adult hypodermis and cuticle that is used for egg laying and mating. Vulva formation requires the heterochronic gene lin-29, which triggers hypodermal cell terminal differentiation during the final molt. lin-29 mutants are unable to lay eggs or mate because no vulval opening forms; instead, a protrusion forms at the site of the vulva. We demonstrate through analysis of genetic mosaics that lin-29 is absolutely required in a small subset of lateral hypodermal seam cells, adjacent to the vulva, for wild-type vulva formation and egg laying. However, lin-29 function is not strictly limited to the lateral hypodermis. First, LIN-29 accumulates in many non-hypodermal cells with known roles in vulva formation or egg laying. Second, animals homozygous for one lin-29 allele, ga94, have the vulval defect and cannot lay eggs, despite having a terminally differentiated adult lateral hypodermis. Finally, vulval morphogenesis and egg laying requires lin-29 activity within the EMS lineage, a lineage that does not generate hypodermal cells.

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