Effect of allapinine on sodium currents in single trigeminal neurons and cardiomyocytes of rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Valeev ◽  
A. N. Verkhratskii ◽  
F. N. Dzhakhangirov
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Currents ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons

Development of resurgent and persistent sodium currents in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akifumi Enomoto ◽  
Soju Seki ◽  
Susumu Tanaka ◽  
Kohji Ishihama ◽  
Tadashi Yamanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Currents ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons

Sodium Currents in Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons From Nav1.6 Null Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 710-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akifumi Enomoto ◽  
Juliette M. Han ◽  
Chie-Fang Hsiao ◽  
Scott H. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Sodium Currents ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spike Discharge ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Membrane Resonance ◽  
Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Resurgent Sodium Currents

Previous studies using pharmacological methods suggest that subthreshold sodium currents are critical for rhythmical burst generation in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons (Mes V). In this study, we characterized transient ( INaT), persistent ( INaP), and resurgent ( Ires) sodium currents in Nav1.6-null mice ( med mouse, Nav1.6−/−) lacking expression of the sodium channel gene Scn8a. We found that peak transient, persistent, and resurgent sodium currents from med (Nav1.6−/−) mice were reduced by 18, 39, and 76% relative to their wild-type (Nav1.6+/+) littermates, respectively. Current clamp recordings indicated that, in response to sinusoidal constant amplitude current (ZAP function), all neurons exhibited membrane resonance. However, Mes V neurons from med mice had reduced peak amplitudes in the impedance-frequency relationship (resonant Q-value) and attenuated subthreshold oscillations despite the similar passive membrane properties compared with wild-type littermates. The spike frequency-current relationship exhibited reduced instantaneous discharge frequencies and spike block at low stimulus currents and seldom showed maintained spike discharge throughout the stimulus in the majority of med neurons compared with wild-type neurons. Importantly, med neurons never exhibited maintained stimulus-induced rhythmical burst discharge unlike those of wild-type littermates. The data showed that subthreshold sodium currents are critical determinants of Mes V electrogenesis and burst generation and suggest a role for resurgent sodium currents in control of spike discharge.

Effects of CGRP-Primed Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Trigeminal Sensory Neurons

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110048
Author(s):  
B. Michot ◽  
S.M. Casey ◽  
J.L. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Trigeminal Neuron

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are important in tooth physiology, contributing to development, repair, regeneration, and immunomodulatory processes. However, their role in inflammatory mechanisms underlying pulpitis is not well understood. We evaluated the influence of DPSCs stimulated with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a proinflammatory neuropeptide, on the expression of mediators released from DPSCs and the effect of these mediators on sensory neuron activity. Human DPSCs were treated with either control media or media containing CGRP (10−8 M) for 7 d, and the conditioned media (CM) containing DPSC-released mediators was collected. The expression of cytokines and chemokines from DPSCs was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of the CM from CGRP-primed DPSCs (primed DPSC-CM) were evaluated on sensory afferents by using primary cultures of mouse trigeminal neurons and an organotypic model of cultured human pulp slices. Mouse trigeminal neurons and human pulp explants were pretreated for 24 h with control or primed DPSC-CM and then stimulated with capsaicin. Afferent activity was measured by quantifying the response to capsaicin via live cell calcium imaging in mouse neurons and CGRP released from pulp explants. Gene expression analysis showed that primed DPSCs overexpressed some proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8, which are both agonists of the receptor CXCR2 expressed in sensory neurons. Primed DPSC-CM increased human pulp sensory afferent activity as compared with control DPSC-CM. Similarly, primed DPSC-CM increased the intensity of calcium responses in cultured mouse trigeminal neurons. Furthermore, the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 prevented trigeminal neuron sensitization to capsaicin induced by primed DPSC-CM. In conclusion, mediators released by DPSCs, primed with the proinflammatory mediator CGRP, induce neuronal sensitization through CXCR2 receptor. These data suggest that DPSCs might contribute to pain symptoms that develop in pulpitis.

scholarly journals Interactions between Chemesthesis and Taste: Role of TRPA1 and TRPV1

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Mee-Ra Rhyu ◽  
Yiseul Kim ◽  
Vijay Lyall
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Trpv1 Channels ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Transient Receptor

In addition to the sense of taste and olfaction, chemesthesis, the sensation of irritation, pungency, cooling, warmth, or burning elicited by spices and herbs, plays a central role in food consumption. Many plant-derived molecules demonstrate their chemesthetic properties via the opening of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels. TRPA1 and TRPV1 are structurally related thermosensitive cation channels and are often co-expressed in sensory nerve endings. TRPA1 and TRPV1 can also indirectly influence some, but not all, primary taste qualities via the release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal neurons and their subsequent effects on CGRP receptor expressed in Type III taste receptor cells. Here, we will review the effect of some chemesthetic agonists of TRPA1 and TRPV1 and their influence on bitter, sour, and salt taste qualities.

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