Effect of experimental maternal pneumonia on surfactant activity and ultrastructure of type II alveolocytes in the fetal and neonatal lungs

1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-889
Author(s):  
A. K. Zagorul'ko ◽  
Le Phuc Phat ◽  
L. G. Safronova ◽  
G. V. Kobozev ◽  
N. I. Gorelik
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii ◽  
Surfactant Activity ◽  
Type Ii Alveolocytes ◽  
Neonatal Lungs

Aging impairs alveolar epithelial type II cell function in acute lung injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. L755-L769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolga Yazicioglu ◽  
Christian Mühlfeld ◽  
Chiara Autilio ◽  
Cheng-Kai Huang ◽  
Christian Bär ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Surfactant Activity ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Young Mice

Morbidity and mortality rates in acute lung injury (ALI) increase with age. As alveolar epithelial type II cells (AE2) are crucial for lung function and repair, we hypothesized that aging promotes senescence in AE2 and contributes to the severity and impaired regeneration in ALI. ALI was induced with 2.5 μg lipopolysaccharide/g body weight in young (3 mo) and old (18 mo) mice that were euthanized 24 h, 72 h, and 10 days later. Lung function, pulmonary surfactant activity, stereology, cell senescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses were performed to investigate AE2 function in aging and ALI. In old mice, surfactant activity was severely impaired. A 60% mortality rate and lung function decline were observed in old, but not in young, mice with ALI. AE2 of young mice adapted to injury by increasing intracellular surfactant volume and proliferation rate. In old mice, however, this adaptive response was compromised, and AE2 of old mice showed signs of cell senescence, increased inflammatory signaling, and impaired surfactant metabolism in ALI. These findings provide evidence that ALI promotes a limited proliferation rate, increased inflammatory response, and surfactant dysfunction in old, but not in young, mice, supporting an impaired regenerative capacity and reduced survival rate in ALI with advancing age.

A correlative histochemical and immunological electron microscopy of the alveolar lining layer of the lung

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Katsuno ◽  
Tsutomu Iwabuchi ◽  
Keiko Matsumoto ◽  
Kaoru Aihara ◽  
Gompachi Yajima
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Dipalmitoyl Lecithin ◽  
Surfactant Activity ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Objective: The alveolar lining layer or film has attract the much attention of various physiologist and biochemist initially as is related with the interface action of the lung. von Neeargars is the first investigation who called an attention of the surfactant activity or surface tention in the lung. Since then various literature are accumulated on the biochemical or biophysical properties of the surfactant attention. From the ultrastructual point of view, Gil & Weibel and Dermer's described the methodological approaches to demonstrate the phospholipid (Dipalmitoyl lecithin). However, whether they represent the precised and critical surfactant materials are remaining still controversial. Kikkawa also described the method to purity the isolated type II cells which will give further informative basis of the biological action of the cells. The present investigation is performed to make a critical evaluation of the surfactant interacting patterns of the surfactant action, mucopolysaccharide and apoprotein layers from histochemical and immunochemical viewpoint.

Ultrastructural analysis of regional type II cell development within fetal and neonatal lungs

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. L359-L364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lin ◽  
A. J. Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Electron Microscopic Morphometry ◽  
Type Ii Cell ◽  
Total Tissue ◽  
Neonatal Lungs

Type II cells within guinea pig lungs were studied beginning when lamellar bodies (LB) were first identifiable, to determine the pattern of their ultrastructural maturation through parturition and to search for regional differences suggested for other species in their numbers or maturity within the same lung. Fetuses were examined at gestational ages of 55, 60, and 65 days, as were newborn within 2 h of birth at 68 days. The stratified sampling system divided left lungs into nine blocks from each cranial and caudal lobe for electron-microscopic morphometry. Type II cells were compared among blocks within lobes, between lobes within age groups, and among ages for volume densities [VV(ep2, t)], numerical densities [NV(ep2, t)], and surface densities [SV(ep2, t)] per block; total tissue volumes [V(ep2)], numbers [N(ep2)], and cumulative surface areas [S(ep2)] per lung; and the VV(lb, ep2) and V(lb) of their LB. Within lobes, there were no significant differences among blocks for any parameter. Within age groups, significant interlobar differences were limited only to NV(ep2, t) (cranial greater than caudal at day 55, P less than 0.001). In age-by-age comparisons, the V(ep2), NV(ep2), and S(ep2) each increased dramatically from day 55 to 60 (P less than 0.001) but then remained unchanged through parturition. However, both VV(lb, ep2) and V(lb) increased linearly with fetal age (day 55 less than 60 less than 65 less than newborn), with VV(lb, ep2) achieving 18% type II cell volume in the postpartum group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Influence of solution of lactoprotein with sorbitol on ultrastructural changes in lungs of rats in the condition of burn shock

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
A. O. Ocheretnyuk ◽  
O. V. Palamarchuk ◽  
D. A. Lysenko ◽  
G. I. Vashchuk ◽  
G. I. Stepanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Burn Shock ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Type Ii Alveolocytes

This article gives a theoretical substantiation and a new experimental solution of a scientific problem aimed at increasing the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy on the morphofunctional state of the lungs of rats under conditions of burn shock by using a combined colloid-hyperosmolar infusion solution – lacto-protein with sorbitol. The administration of the test solution at a dose of 10 ml/kg for 7 days in rats with modelled burn shock reduced ultrastructural changes in the lungs triggered by burn shock. It has been proved that in the conditions of shock, colloid-hyperosmolar infusion lacto-protein with sorbitol solution facilitates the restoration of vascular endothelium and fluid retention in the microcirculatory channel and improves the morphofunctional state of the aerohematic barrier of the lungs, stimulates the activity of the alveolar macrophages and the secretory function of the type II alveolocytes producing surfactant. At day 7 of burn shock, when 0.9% of NaCl was injected, significant changes were observed in the respiratory unit: part of the alveoli had considerably enhanced clearance of blood capillaries, which had platelets, neutrophils and altered forms of erythrocytes. At day 7 of burn shock in the lungs of the rats given an infusion of colloid-hyperosmolar solution – lactoprotein with sorbitol, the ultrastructure of the components of the lung cells had improved in comparison with 3 days. Luminosity of the hemocapillary parts was moderate, mainly with erythrocytes. The walls of endothelial cells had elongated nuclei with invaginations of nuclear membranes and clear contours. Their cytoplasmic regions were not widespread, with moderate electron densities. In type II alveolocytes, during this experiment, a lower degree of damage to the nucleus and organelles in the cytoplasm was established, and there were signs of a renewal of the secretory function of these cells. In the cytoplasm, hypertrophied mitochondria with clear crystals, different sizes of secretory granules, which had a different density, indicating their formation, were observed. According to the magnitude of the cytoprotective effect on lung cells under conditions of burn shock, the lactoprotein with sorbitol solution was shown to be superior in comparison with the physical solution (0.9% NaCl). The study of functional, biochemical and molecular genetic parameters that characterize the state of the aerohematic barrier under the conditions of using lactoprotein with sorbitol solution in the case of burn injuries of the skin will allow researchers to comprehensively evaluate the mechanisms of the pulmonary protective effect of this preparation and to experimentally substantiate the expediency of its use in clinical practice for pharmaco-correction of burn shock.

Type II Solar Radio Bursts over Solar Cycle 21

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 283-284
Author(s):  
G. Maris ◽  
E. Tifrea
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radio ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Impulsive Phase ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Solar Radio Bursts ◽  
Strong Energy ◽  
Mass Ejection ◽  
Geophysical Effect ◽  
Radio Event

The type II solar radio bursts produced by a shock wave passing through the solar corona are one of the most frequently studied solar activity phenomena. The scientific interest in this type of phenomenon is due to the fact that the presence of this radio event in a solar flare is an almost certain indicator of a future geophysical effect. The origin of the shock waves which produce these bursts is not at all simple; besides the shocks which are generated as a result of a strong energy release during the impulsive phase of a flare, there are also the shocks generated by a coronal mass ejection or the shocks which appear in the interplanetary space due to the supplementary acceleration of the solar particles.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Ultrastructure of pulmonary microvasculature in acute endotoxemia

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
R. G. Gerrity ◽  
M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Interstitial Edema ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure ◽  
Fibrin Thrombi

Dogs were injected intravenously with E_. coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg), and lung samples were taken at 15 min., 1 hr. and 24 hrs. At 15 min., occlusion of pulmonary capillaries by degranulating platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) was evident (Fig. 1). Capillary endothelium was intact but endothelial damage in small arteries and arterioles, accompanied by intraalveolar hemorrhage, was frequent (Fig. 2). Sloughing of the surfactant layer from alveolar epithelium was evident (Fig. 1). At 1 hr., platelet-PML plugs were no longer seen in capillaries, the endothelium of which was often vacuolated (Fig. 3). Interstitial edema and destruction of alveolar epithelium were seen, and type II cells had discharged their granules into the alveoli (Fig. 4). At 24 hr. phagocytic PML's were frequent in peripheral alveoli, while centrally, alveoli and vessels were packed with fibrin thrombi and PML's (Fig. 5). In similar dogs rendered thrombocytopenic with anti-platelet serum, lung ultrastructure was similar to that of controls, although PML's were more frequently seen in capillaries in the former (Fig. 6).

Mitochondria microcrystals deposition in some inherited diseases of lipid metabolism.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
S. Laoussadi ◽  
A. Kahan ◽  
G. Aubouy ◽  
F. Delbarre
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Lipid Storage Disease ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Mean Size

Several patients with Fabry's, Gaucher's diseases and hyperlipoproteinemia type II and with arthropatic manifestations were observed.As no histological explanation for these symptoms was available,an ultrastructural study of synovial tissue was done to establish an anatomoclinical relation.Material and Methods :synovial membrane samples were obtained by needle biopsies of the knee from three patients with arthropatic manifestations of each disease.They were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% osmium tetraoxyde and embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections coloured by uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with an Elmiskop I Siemens electron microscope.Two important phenomena were observed in synovial tissue:Specific patterns of each lipid storage disease,which are now well known.In all the three metabolic diseases, hydroxyapatite-like crystals were found. They are characterized by their intramitochondrial localization, without any relation with cristae,an anarchic disposition and a mean size of 550 A.Crystals may be found also free in the cytoplasm of synoviocytes Some micrographs suggest an evolution in four steps :a. mitochondria with only a few microcrystalsb. mitochondria stuffed with these structuresc. disruption of mitochondria membranesd. microcrystals appear free in the cytoplasm

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