Loaded-piston gauges with self-centering pistons

V. A. Priyatel'chuk

doi:10.1007/bf00831158

A mass-loaded piston test system

Measurement Techniques ◽

10.1007/bf00826909 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 911-913

Author(s):

G. N. Bobrovnikov ◽

B. A. Karpov

Keyword(s):

Test System ◽

Loaded Piston

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Calibration of high-temperature furnace assemblies for experiments between 200 and 600 MPa with end-loaded piston-cylinder apparatuses

Brazilian Journal of Geology ◽

10.1590/2317-488920192018090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Silvio Roberto Farias Vlach ◽

Andrés Fabián Salazar-Naranjo ◽

Johan Santiago Torres-Corredor ◽

Paulo Rafael de Carvalho ◽

Guilherme Mallmann

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Piston Cylinder ◽

High Temperature Furnace ◽

Loaded Piston ◽

Temperature Furnace

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Advanced Power-Cylinder Tribology Using A Dynamically Loaded Piston Ring on Cylinder Bore Tribometer

10.4271/2014-01-2783 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Oliver M. Smith ◽

Alexander Michlberger ◽

Doug Jayne ◽

Alex Sammut ◽

Mike Sutton

Keyword(s):

Piston Ring ◽

Power Cylinder ◽

Dynamically Loaded ◽

Cylinder Bore ◽

Loaded Piston

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Electrical Conductivity of Fluorite and Fluorine Conduction

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9020072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hanyong Liu ◽

Qiao Zhu ◽

Xiaozhi Yang

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Charge Carrier ◽

Electrical Conduction ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Conductivity Data ◽

Arrhenius Law ◽

Piston Cylinder ◽

Sample Composition ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Loaded Piston

Fluorine is a species commonly present in many minerals in the Earth’s interior, with a concentration ranging from a few ppm to more than 10 wt. %. Recent experimental studies on fluorine-bearing silicate minerals have proposed that fluorine might be an important charge carrier for electrical conduction of Earth materials at elevated conditions, but the results are somewhat ambiguous. In this investigation, the electrical conductivity of gem-quality natural single crystal fluorite, a simple bi-elemental (Ca and F) mineral, has been determined at 1 GPa and 200–650 °C in two replication runs, by a Solartron-1260 Impedance/Gain Phase analyzer in an end-loaded piston-cylinder apparatus. The sample composition remained unchanged after the runs. The conductivity data are reproducible between different runs and between heating-cooling cycles of each run. The conductivity (σ) increases with increasing temperature, and can be described by the Arrhenius law, σ = 10^(5.34 ± 0.07)·exp[−(130 ± 1, kJ/mol)/(RT)], where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. According to the equation, the conductivity reaches ~0.01 S/m at 650 °C. This elevated conductivity is strong evidence that fluorine is important in charge transport. The simple construction of this mineral indicates that the electrical conduction is dominated by fluoride (F−). Therefore, fluorine is potentially an important charge carrier in influencing the electrical property of Fluorine-bearing Earth materials.

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