Standard samples ? A basis for the metrological system designed to ensure high quality in the products of ferrous metallurgy

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1414-1416
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Pliner ◽  
V. M. Ogurtsov ◽  
A. Ya. Samokhina ◽  
A. V. Silin ◽  
I. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Metrological System

Production of light-weight refractories based on non-ferrous metallurgy and oil production wastes

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
V. Z. Abdrakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Traditional Natural

The results of the studies showed that it is possible to obtain high-quality light-weight refractories based on industrial waste (the clay part of the gravity tailings of zircon-ilmenite ores ― non-ferrous metallurgy and drill cuttings ― oil production) without using traditional natural materials. Ill. 2. Ref. 17. Tab. 6.

scholarly journals Removal of Residual Element Tin in the Ferrous Metallurgy Process: A Review

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Ma ◽  
Liu ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Tin Content ◽  
Tin Removal ◽  
Metallurgy Process

With the continuous improvement of the quality of steel for social development, high-quality iron ore resources have been gradually depleted. Meanwhile, the scrap steel reserve and recycling volume are gradually increasing, which will result in the continuous increase of the residual tin content in steel, which seriously restricts the improvement of steel quality and the circulation-utilization of scrap. Therefore, it is necessary to remove as much tin as possible in the ferrous metallurgy process. However, tin in steel cannot be effectively removed in the conventional smelting process. In this paper, the origination, the existing forms, and the content control levels of the residual tin in steel are presented, as well as the current processes of tin removal in the ferrous metallurgy process.

Influence of Foaming Agent Type on The Behavior of Foamed Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1B) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Ruqaya F. Hamada ◽  
Awham M. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Lower Bulk Density

In this work the desired aim is to study the effect of two various sorts of a foaming agents on the properties of foamed concrete to obtain high quality with a target density is nearly 1600 kg/m3. The standard samples were designed by employing two types of foam agent (FA), the first one is commercially named (EABSSOC foam agent, FA) while the second is the foam of detergent liquid (D) which known (Fairy). The results showed that the FA sample records the lower bulk density compared to the other types. The perfect mix which involved 1wt.% of (D) had higher values of the compressive strength 20.25MPa, 16.32MPa of the curing in water and air respectively and flexural strength (F.S) values were 6.89MPa,4.47MPa of the cured samples in (air, water) for various durations (7,14 and 28) days compared to the samples that contained 1and 0.8wt. % of FA. The obtained compressive strengths were 5.1MPa, 4.3MPa while the flexural strengths were 2.74MPa, 2.9MPa for the samples contained 1wt. %foam agent (FA) after the curing into water and air at the same duration.  It is obvious that the addition of foam to the cement mortar paste imparts great characteristics as lightweight with flowability. These properties and others make it suitable for some applications, for example, a decrease of the dead load from the structure, thermal and acoustic insulating and use it in non-structural sections such as a wall.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine: The Experience of Establishing the First National Pharmacopoeia in The Post-Soviet Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Grizodoub
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The quality and life expectancy of the population depends on the level of access to modern, high-quality, effective and evidence-based medical and pharmaceutical care. These types of care play a significant role in the pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the main medical, biological and socio-economic problems of society. CVDs cause 67% of all deaths in Ukraine. For comparison: in France and Japan, this component in the structure of mortality is 29%, in the United States - 31%. Heart attacks are one of the main nosologies that cause high mortality from COVID. The 1st October, 2021 marks 20 years since the introduction of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to experience of creating the first national pharmacopoeia in the post-Soviet space. Ukraine, the first in the post-Soviet space, managed to create its own State Pharmacopoeia, which is fully harmonized with the European Pharmacopoeia and takes into account national specifics. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine relies on its own National system of pharmacopoeial standard samples and pharmacopoeial program of professional testing of control laboratories as feedback from users. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine is not funded by the state, and the Pharmacopoeia Center is a completely self-supporting structure. In general, the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine can be considered the best National Pharmacopoeia in the post-Soviet space.

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

A High Resolution Scanning Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
L. M. Welter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
High Quality

A scanning microscope using a field emission source has been described elsewhere. This microscope has now been improved by replacing the single magnetic lens with a high quality lens of the type described by Ruska. This lens has a focal length of 1 mm and a spherical aberration coefficient of 0.5 mm. The final spot size, and therefore the microscope resolution, is limited by the aberration of this lens to about 6 Å.The lens has been constructed very carefully, maintaining a tolerance of + 1 μ on all critical surfaces. The gun is prealigned on the lens to form a compact unit. The only mechanical adjustments are those which control the specimen and the tip positions. The microscope can be used in two modes. With the lens off and the gun focused on the specimen, the resolution is 250 Å over an undistorted field of view of 2 mm. With the lens on,the resolution is 20 Å or better over a field of view of 40 microns. The magnification can be accurately varied by attenuating the raster current.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

Structural changes in silicon-on-insulator material during post-implantation annealing

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
C. O. Jung ◽  
S. J. Krause ◽  
S.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiation Hardened ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Very High

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures have excellent potential for future use in radiation hardened and high speed integrated circuits. For device fabrication in SOI material a high quality superficial Si layer above a buried oxide layer is required. Recently, Celler et al. reported that post-implantation annealing of oxygen implanted SOI at very high temperatures would eliminate virtually all defects and precipiates in the superficial Si layer. In this work we are reporting on the effect of three different post implantation annealing cycles on the structure of oxygen implanted SOI samples which were implanted under the same conditions.

Performance and applications of a field-emission gun TEM/STEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 942-943
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten ◽  
Marc. J.C. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Patterns ◽  
Beam Diffraction

A Field Emission Gun (FEG) on a TEM/STEM instrument provides a major improvement in performance relative to one equipped with a LaB6 emitter. The improvement is particularly notable for small-probe techniques: EDX and EELS microanalysis, convergent beam diffraction and scanning. The high brightness of the FEG (108 to 109 A/cm2srad), compared with that of LaB6 (∼106), makes it possible to achieve high probe currents (∼1 nA) in probes of about 1 nm, whilst the currents for similar probes with LaB6 are about 100 to 500x lower. Accordingly the small, high-intensity FEG probes make it possible, e.g., to analyse precipitates and monolayer amounts of segregation on grain boundaries in metals or ceramics (Fig. 1); obtain high-quality convergent beam patterns from heavily dislocated materials; reliably detect 1 nm immuno-gold labels in biological specimens; and perform EDX mapping at nm-scale resolution even in difficult specimens like biological tissue.The high brightness and small energy spread of the FEG also bring an advantage in high-resolution imaging by significantly improving both spatial and temporal coherence.

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