Dynamics of changes in blood vessels of the cerebral cortex during the development of postischemic edema

1965 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377
Author(s):  
G. I. Mchedlishvili ◽  
M. R. Kuparadze ◽  
D. G. Baramidze
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Postischemic Edema

scholarly journals Expression of GFAP and Tau Following Blast Exposure in the Cerebral Cortex of Ferrets

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Susan C Schwerin ◽  
Mitali Chatterjee ◽  
Elizabeth B Hutchinson ◽  
Francis T Djankpa ◽  
Regina C Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
Blast Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols

Abstract Blast exposures are a hallmark of contemporary military conflicts. We need improved preclinical models of blast traumatic brain injury for translation of pharmaceutical and therapeutic protocols. Compared with rodents, the ferret brain is larger, has substantial sulci, gyri, a higher white to gray matter ratio, and the hippocampus in a ventral position; these attributes facilitate comparison with the human brain. In this study, ferrets received compressed air shock waves and subsequent evaluation of glia and forms of tau following survival of up to 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot demonstrated altered distributions of astrogliosis and tau expression after blast exposure. Many aspects of the astrogliosis corresponded to human pathology: increased subpial reactivity, gliosis at gray-white matter interfaces, and extensive outlining of blood vessels. MRI analysis showed numerous hypointensities occurring in the 12-week survival animals, appearing to correspond to luminal expansions of blood vessels. Changes in forms of tau, including phosphorylated tau, and the isoforms 3R and 4R were noted using immunohistochemistry and Western blot in specific regions of the cerebral cortex. Of particular interest were the 3R and 4R isoforms, which modified their ratio after blast. Our data strongly support the ferret as an animal model with highly translational features to study blast injury.

Distribution of Oxygen Partial Pressure and Cerebral Blood Vessels in Rat Cerebral Cortex

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002.14 (0) ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Kazuto MASAMOTO ◽  
Tomoko NEGISHI ◽  
Takayoshi KURACHI ◽  
Naosada TAKIZAWA ◽  
Hirosuke KOBAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Rat Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels

scholarly journals Maladaptive neuropathological syndrome of blood vessel aging

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Artemenkov
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the relationship between maladaptation and blood vessel aging. The work shows that upright posture created an additional load on the circulatory system, and the lifestyle of a modern human is an additional risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. It has been suggested that a disorder of the nervous regulation of vascular tone is the main etiopathogenetic mechanism of morphofunctional changes in blood vessels and their aging. We discussed the statute that vascular reactions in humans is based on the formation of a maladaptive circuit in the cerebral cortex, consisting of a matrix of motor, sensory and associative cortical neurons involved in the maladaptive process. This hypothesis is based on the fact that any irritations entering the cerebral cortex from the periphery (thermal, pain, and others) cause cortical-vascular reflex reactions that change their tonic activity. Based on this principle, a model of vascular aging is further constructed, which is based on the maladaptive damage to all layers of the vascular wall (intima, media and adventitia). The opinion is expressed about the need for early diagnosis and prevention of vascular disorders to maintain human health. In conclusion, it is concluded that if the age of a person is really determined by the age of his blood vessels, then in order to achieve active longevity it is necessary to normalize the relationship in the adaptation-maladaptation-environment. Detailed study of hypertrophy and calcification of blood vessels is needed, since aging always reveals vascular wall thickening and stiffness increase.

scholarly journals A Low-Protein Isocaloric Diet During Gestation Affects Brain Development and Alters Permanently Cerebral Cortex Blood Vessels in Rat Offspring

1999 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bennis-Taleb ◽  
Claude Remacle ◽  
Joseph J. Hoet ◽  
Brigitte Reusens
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Isocaloric Diet ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER TO EXOGENOUS PEROXIDASE

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Reese ◽  
Morris J. Karnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Structural Localization

Horseradish peroxidase was administered to mice by intravenous injection, and its distribution in cerebral cortex studied with a recently available technique for localizing peroxidase with the electron microscope. Brains were fixed by either immersion or vascular perfusion 10–60 min after administration of various doses of peroxidase. Exogenous peroxidase was localized in the lumina of blood vessels and in some micropinocytotic vesicles within endothelial cells; none was found beyond the vascular endothelium. Micropinocytotic vesicles were few in number and did not appear to transport peroxidase while tight junctions between endothelial cells were probably responsible for preventing its intercellular passage. Our findings therefore localize, at a fine structural level, a "barrier" to the passage of peroxidase at the endothelium of vessels in the cerebral cortex. The significance of these findings is discussed, particularly with reference to a recent study in which similar techniques were applied to capillaries in heart and skeletal muscle.

Ultrastructural Changes of Blood Vessels in the Cerebral Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Higuchi ◽  
Taihei Miyakawa ◽  
Akitomo Shimoji ◽  
Shoichi Katsuragi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes

The Identification of Microglia and its Response to Injury

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
Frank Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Cat Cerebral Cortex

Whilst there is general agreement upon the ultrastructure of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, characterisation of microglia in healthy adult brain has remained uncertain.Light microscopy of silver stained cat cerebral cortex revealed microglia close to neurons and blood vessels and sometimes remote from either.A similarly situated glial cell did not conform to ultrastructural criteria for macroglia; it was identified as microglia. It was often fusiform in shape and when compared with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, at low magnification, was intermediate in density. Intervening astrocyte cytoplasm often separated microglia from neurons and blood vessels.Clumped chromatin was distributed around the periphery of the elongated nucleus. Cytoplasm was predominantly polar in distribution. Elongated endoplasmic reticulum was often oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cell; the cisternae contained material of greater density than the surrounding cytoplasmic matrix. The outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum was irregularly studded with ribosomes.

The Blood-Vessels of the Developing Spinal Cord of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
R. T. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Tentative Conclusion ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

Sterzi (1904) studied the blood-vessels of the developing spinal cord in representatives of various vertebrate groups. He correlated the early development of the vascular plexus on the lateral aspect of the neural tube with the mitotic activity within its lateral walls. He also correlated the greater vascularity of the grey matter, compared with that of the white matter, with the greater functional activity of the former. From the observation that there are 15 separate vessels that are constant in position and time of appearance during the development of the spinal cord of the chick, Feeney & Watterson (1946) reached the tentative conclusion that the pattern of the blood-vessels is determined by localized structural or physiological changes, or both. Observations on mammals by Craigie (1925), Petren (1938), and Gyllensten (1959) indicated a marked increase in vascularity of the cerebral cortex while differentiation was proceeding. Quantitative observations on the blood-vessels of the spinal cord during development are lacking.

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