50th Anniversary of induction surface hardening

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 559-567
Author(s):  
K. Z. Shepelyakovskii
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening

Influence of the magnetic permeability on modeling of induction surface hardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Barglik ◽  
Albert Smalcerz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Hardness Distribution ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Magnetic Strength ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening

Purpose Modeling of induction surface hardening strongly depends on accuracy of material properties data and their temperature characteristics. However, it is especially complicated in case of the magnetic permeability dependent not only on temperature but also on the magnetic strength. This paper aims to estimate the influence of the magnetic permeability on modeling of coupled physical fields describing the process. Investigations are provided for the gear wheels made of the steel C45E. Design/methodology/approach Computation of coupled electromagnetic temperature and hardness fields is based on FEM methods. The Flux 3D software is applied for the numerical simulation of coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields. The QT Steel software is applied for a determination of the hardness and microstructure distributions. Findings Obtained results may be used as a kind of background for the design of induction surface hardening systems. Research limitations/implications The presented calculation model provided quite a good accuracy of hardness distribution validated by the experiments. Next work in the field should be aimed at taking into account a dependence of the magnetic permeability on the field current frequency. Originality/value Mathematical model of induction surface hardening with taking into account time dependence on the magnetic permeability on temperature and magnetic strength is elaborated. Experimental validation of hardness distribution is provided. A quite reasonable convergence between simulations and measurements was achieved.

Induction surface hardening of hard coated steels

1999 ◽  
Vol 120-121 ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pantleon ◽  
O. Kessler ◽  
F. Hoffann ◽  
P. Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening

Mathematical modeling of induction surface hardening

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1403-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Barglik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Upper Critical Temperature

Purpose – As far as the author knows the modeling of induction surface hardening is still a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to present both mathematical models of continuous and simultaneous hardening processes and exemplary results of computations and measurements. The upper critical temperature Ac3 is determined from the Time Temperature Austenization diagram for investigated steel. Design/methodology/approach – Computation of coupled electromagnetic, thermal and hardness fields is based on the finite element methods, while the hardness distribution is determined by means of experimental dependence derived from the continuous cooling temperature diagram for investigated steel. Findings – The presented results may be used as a theoretical background for design of inductor-sprayer systems in continual and simultaneous arrangements and a proper selection of their electromagnetic and thermal parameters. Research limitations/implications – The both models reached a quite good accuracy validated by the experiments. Next work in the field should be aimed at further improvement of numerical models in order to shorten the computation time. Practical implications – The results may be used for designing induction hardening systems and proper selection of field current and cooling parameters. Originality/value – Complete mathematical and numerical models for continuous and simultaneous surface induction hardening including dual frequency induction heating of gear wheels. Experimental validation of achieved results. Taking into account dependence of the upper critical temperature Ac3 on speed of heating.

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