The structural unity of structural types

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
N. L. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Types

Crystal structure of KBSi3O8 isostructural with danburite

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (386) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuyoshi Kimata
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Crystal Chemical ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
Crystal Chemical Formula ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tetrahedral Sites ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Coupled Substitution ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe crystal structure of KBSi3O8 (orthorhombic, Pnam, with a = 8.683(1), b = 9.253(1), c = 8.272(1) Å,, V = 664.4(1) Å3, Z = 4) has been determined by the direct method applied to 3- dimensional rcflection data. The structure of a microcrystal with the dimensions 20 × 29 × 37 μm was refined to an unweightcd residual of R = 0.031 using 386 non-zero structure amplitudes. KBSi3O8 adopts a structure essentially different from recdmergneritc NaBSi3O8, with the low albite (NaAlSi3O8) structure, and isotypic with danburite CaB2Si2Os which has the same topology as paracelsian BaAl2Si2O8. The chenfical relationship between this sample and danburitc gives insight into a new coupled substitution; K+ + Si4+ = Ca2+ + B3+ in the extraframework and tetrahedral sites. The present occupancy refinement revealed partial disordering of B and Si atoms which jointly reside in two kinds of general equivalent points, T(1) and T(2) sites. Thus the expanded crystal-chemical formula can be written in the form K(B0.44Si0.56)2(B0.06Si0.94)2O8The systematic trend among crystalline compounds with the M+T3+T4+3O8 formula suggests that they exist in one of four structural types; the feldspar structures with T3+/T4+ ordered and/or disordered forms, and the paracelsian and the hollandite structures.

SOIL MORPHOLOGY AND SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. I. SOIL AERATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. AYRES ◽  
R. G. BUTTON ◽  
E. DE JONG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

The relation between soil structure and soil aeration was investigated on undisturbed soil cores from soil horizons exhibiting six distinct kinds of soil structure (prismatic, columnar, blocky, granular, platy, massive) over a broad range of soil texture. Soil aeration was characterized at ⅓ atm suction by measurements of air porosity, relative diffusivity (D/Do) and the rate of oxygen diffusion to a platinum microelectrode (ODR). Aeration was adequate in most of the Chernozemic soil horizons studied; however, aeration in many of the Bnt horizons of the Solonetzic soils was inadequate. Air porosity and D/Do were highly correlated. The regression coefficient for D/Do vs. air porosity for blocky structures was significantly different from that found for the other five structural types. For granular structures a negative correlation was found for ODR vs. air porosity compared with a low positive correlation found for the other structure types.

Oxonol dyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Mustroph
Keyword(s):  
Silver Halide ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Polymethine Dyes ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Oxonol Dyes ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Abstract Oxonol dyes are classified as anionic polymethine dyes, which cover a wide variety of structural types. The name of the class originates from the oxygen atoms which terminate each end of the polymethine chains that form the backbone of their structure. In technically useful dyes, these oxygen atoms tend to be substituents of heterocycles. The main technical application of water soluble oxonol dyes was in silver halide photography as filter dyes and antihalation dyes. Lipophilic oxonol dyes are used in bio-analysis and medical diagnostics to stain cells, bacteria or liposomes for example. Their main bioanalytical usage is in the determination of membrane potentials in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic bacteria.

Optimum Seismic Zoning Using An Artificial Neural Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1187-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime García-Pérez ◽  
René Riaño
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Zoning ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artificial Neural

The Kohonen artificial neural network is employed to divide a region of known seismicity into zones. Optimum boundaries and seismic design coefficients for each zone are determined by computing the expected present value of the total cost, including the initial cost of structures and damages due to earthquakes. The region is discretized into cells containing information on seismicity and the number of structural types. Then regionalization is performed, first without considering jurisdictional limits and later including this restriction. Up to four different types of structures are considered simultaneously in the regionalization. The results are presented in maps showing both zones and corresponding seismic design coefficients.

SUBORDINATE AND MATRIX SYNONYMIC INFINITIVE UTTERANCES IN FRENCH FICTION OF THE XX – XXI CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Anastasiia LEPETIUKHA
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Inverse Reconstruction ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Terminal Chain

In this article subordinate and matrix infinitive utterances are defined as one-basis (with one transformational terminal chain) and two-basis (with two or more transformational terminal chains) synonymic transforms of the virtual (linguistic) primary propositionnal structure with the concessive, temporal, causal, final, hypothetical semantic meanings. They are actualized in the form of preferential options-compressed, extended or quantitatively equacomponential discourse innovations with the explicit predicate and the implicit actant coreferent or non-coreferent with the actant of the matrix utterance according to the communicative intention or the idiostyle of the author. Different semantic-structural types of subordinate infinitive utterances, the matrix infinitive utterances containing the verb savoir, the specific extended polypredicative constructions (with the extender-demonstrative pronoun) and the quantitatively equacomponential structures with the initial infinitive are distinguished. The inverse reconstruction (discourse → language) of the virtual transformational processes is carried out in order to identify all the members of the virtual synonymic chains. It is proved that the procedure of the inverse reconstruction and the identification of the primary proposition are impossible in case of the insufficience of the expression. The “alternativeˮ linguistic experiment allows for justifying the co(n)textual (linguistic and situational) pertinence of the analyzed synonymic preferential options and determining the author’s idiostylistic peculiarities.

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