Interdigital chondrogenesis and extra digit formation in the duck leg bud subjected to local ectoderm removal

1992 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Macias ◽  
Y. Ga�an ◽  
J. M. Hurle
Keyword(s):  
Extra Digit

scholarly journals Involvement of theGli3 (Extra-Toes)Gene Region in Body Weight in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Martin ◽  
Eve Lapouble ◽  
Yohan Chaix
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Extra Digit ◽  
Stable Manner ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Body Weight Increase

The mutation extra-toes (Gli3Xt-J) on chromosome (Chr) 13 of the mouse is known to be involved in the development of the skeleton. The only visible manifestation is the presence of an extra digit on each hind foot. Here we report evidence from several experiments that Gli3XtJ/+mice weigh more than littermate Gli3+/+mice, suggesting an effect on body weight ofGli3or of a gene tightly linked to it on Chr 13. Four independent experiments in different environments were conducted on mice with different genetic backgrounds derived from the C3XtEso Gli3Xt-J/+Eso/+linkage testing strain and the JE/Le strain at adult age. The analyses have shown an association between the Gli3Xt-Jallele and a body weight increase of about 6.5%. This effect is genetically dominant. It would appear that if the gene of interest is notGli3itself, it must be very close to this locus. Indeed, the expected size for this fragment is 7.9 ± 5.3 cM. The manifestation of this gene, observed in two animal facilities and on different genetic backgrounds, is consistent with the idea that the effect of the gene(s) is displayed in a stable manner. It accounts for a variation of 6.5% of body weight.

Extra Digit at the Dorsum of the Foot

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fortems ◽  
L. De Smet ◽  
G. Fabry
Keyword(s):  
Extra Digit

Math for Real: How to Check Digits

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Hoslar
Keyword(s):  
Extra Digit ◽  
Product Number

When an account or product number is typed into a computer, there is often a quick way to check that the number had been entered correctly. One way is with a check digit, which is an extra digit at the end of the account number, representing the ones digit of the sum of the account digits, or some other formula.

A Distinctive Presentation of Diplopodia: A Y-Metatarsal Combining the Extra Foot and the Extra Digit of the Main Foot

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Hocaoğlu ◽  
Ömer Berköz ◽  
Yunus Doğan ◽  
Türker Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Extra Digit

scholarly journals POLYDACTYLY AND THE MAYA: A REVIEW AND A CASE FROM THE SITE OF PELIGROSO, UPPER MACAL RIVER VALLEY, BELIZE

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel D. Wrobel ◽  
Christophe Helmke ◽  
Lenna Nash ◽  
Jaime J. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Type A ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Postaxial Polydactyly ◽  
Extra Digit ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Morphological Anomalies ◽  
The Individual

AbstractA single right fifth metatarsal found in Tomb 1 at Peligroso, Belize exhibited a small deformity in the form of a small (7 mm) accessory digit emanating from the plantar surface at mid-shaft. This Type A postaxial polydactyly is the first archaeological example of polydactyly reported for Mesoamerica. Polydactyly is one of the more commonly reported morphological anomalies and thus its appearance in Maya populations would have been prevalent enough to demand explanation. A review of related terminology in pertinent Amerindian languages is presented as a means of exploring the manners in which digits and the human body are conceptualized. Maya iconographic representations of polydactyly at Palenque have parallels to other Mesoamerican renderings of supernumerary digits used to identify divinities and deified ancestors. However, the Peligroso mortuary context comprised disarticulated and commingled bones, suggesting that the individual did not have a distinctive social role related to the presence of an extra digit.

Duplicated axolotl regenerates

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-258
Author(s):  
H. Wallace ◽  
A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Positional Information ◽  
Extra Digit ◽  
Substantial Discrepancy

Three series of palette stage regenerates were prepared by amputating both arms of juvenile axolotls in the mid-forearm, above the elbow, or close to the shoulder. Within each series, excised regenerates were replaced in their original orientation (as a control) or rotated at 90° intervals about the proximodistal axis, or were transplanted to the contralateral arm with identical rotations. Control grafts occasionally caused the formation of a single extra digit. AH experimental rotations provoked duplicate or triplicate structures, ranging from accessory digits to extra forearms. Shoulder level grafts were subject to a pronounced correctional derotation and yielded a variable proportion of duplications. Forearm and elbow-level rotations invariably yielded duplications, which therefore result from an axial discrepancy rather than complete axial opposition between graft and host. These results are incompatible with the clockface model of positional information and demand a modification of other current models. The recorded frequency and orientation of duplications suggest that a limb contains at least two polarized transverse axes which cannot be respecified during regeneration. A substantial discrepancy on either axis reduces the normal regulative interaction between graft and host, allowing either of them to regenerate independently.

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