Volume changes of large gear wheels in carburization and heat treatment

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 858-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Vashchuk ◽  
O. A. Kon'ko ◽  
V. T. Alekseenko ◽  
V. K. Adamanova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Large Gear ◽  
Gear Wheels

Decreasing the distortion of cylindrical gear wheels during heat treatment

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 947-951
Author(s):  
A. N. Belyaev ◽  
A. A. Borisov ◽  
N. F. Butovskii ◽  
F. A. Vorob'ev ◽  
G. I. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Gear Wheels

scholarly journals Constructional design of the body shape of large gear wheels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
S Sivák ◽  
S Maláková
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Gear Wheel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Gear ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Means Of Production

Abstract The development of modern machines and means of production is characterized by ever-increasing performance parameters with decreasing equipment weight. When designing large gears, it is also necessary to consider the influence of the body shape of the gear wheel. The body shape of gear wheel must meet the basic requirements of stiffness and strength with the lightest possible construction of the gear wheel body. The work is focused on large gears, made with relief. Such gears can be forged, cast, or made by welding. The shape of the gear wheel body depends on several factors such as the size of the wheel, the material, the method of manufacture or use. The paper provides an overview of the body shapes used by large spur gears. These body shapes of spur gears will be the subject of further research, where suitability will be assessed based on stiffness of teeth and wheel weight.

scholarly journals Induction Heating of Gear Wheels in Consecutive Contour Hardening Process

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3885
Author(s):  
Jerzy Barglik ◽  
Adrian Smagór ◽  
Albert Smalcerz ◽  
Debela Geneti Desisa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Gear Wheels

Induction contour hardening of gear wheels belongs to effective heat treatment technologies especially recommended for high-tech applications in machinery, automotive and aerospace industries. In comparison with long term, energy consuming conventional heat treatment (carburizing and consequent quenching), its main positive features are characterized by high total efficiency, short duration and relatively low energy consumption. However, modeling of the process is relatively complicated. The numerical model should contain both multi-physic and non-linear formulation of the problem. The paper concentrates on the modeling of rapid induction heating being the first stage of the contour induction hardening process which is the time consuming part of the computations. It is taken into consideration that critical temperatures and consequently the hardening temperature are dependent on the velocity of the induction heating. Numerical modeling of coupled non-linear electromagnetic and temperature fields are shortly presented. Investigations are provided for gear wheels made of a special quality steel AISI 300M. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed approach, exemplary computations of the full induction contour hardening process are provided. The exemplary results are compared with the measurements and a satisfactory accordance between them is achieved.

scholarly journals Thermal and Metallurgical Effects Associated with Gas Carburized and Induction Hardened Components

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
K. Palaniradja ◽  
N. Alagumurthi ◽  
V. Soundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Furnace Temperature ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Quenching Time

Dimensional distortion occurs due to the thermal and transformation stresses formed during the heat treatment processes. Taguchi and Factorial design of experiment concepts were applied to optimize the operating variables involved in the gas carburising and induction hardening processes so as to minimize the geometrical distortions. Experimental data obtained for the materials EN353, EN351, AISI 4140, and AISI 9255 were analyzed by Response graph method and Signal to Noise method. Even though, EN 351 and EN 353 are having the same carbon percentage, EN 353 gives minimal dimensional and volume changes because of the presence of three alloying elements namely cobalt, molybdenum and nickel. Analysis by variance (ANOVA) results indicated that the furnace temperature and quenching time in the gas carburising process were the variables which had more influence on distortion. The percentage deviations between the experimental and predicted results for the runout and helix variations were in the range of 7 to 10%.

scholarly journals The Selected Measurement Problems in the Aspect of the Non-Destructive Testing of the Gear Wheels and the other Parts

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
S. Jończyk ◽  
T. Babul ◽  
S. Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Local Defects ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the results of studies which, in addition to the detection of differences in the structure of the product and the thickness of the surface layers, aimed to diversify the signal from the stress changes caused by cracks, assess local defects in the microstructure deformed by heat treatment and detect hydrogen „in statu nascendi”. Measurements were performed using Wirotest 1000. Specialized probes were used to allow measurements on surfaces difficult to reach. Measurements were taken at different depths of penetration. Assessment of the correlation of eddy current measurements and microhardness was also performed.

X-Ray Determination of Crystallinity in Deformed Rubber

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Nyburg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Amorphous Halo ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constant Deformation ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Abstract A vulcanized natural rubber has been deformed in simple extension and in pure shear and the resulting diminution of x-ray intensity of the amorphous halo used as a measure of crystallinity. The effect of mode of deformation and attempts to reach equilibrium states by heat treatment at constant deformation are described. The values obtained for simple extension are in accord with those reported by Goppel and not with those of Field. The degree of crystallinity is greater in pure shear than in simple extension at the same principal extension ratio. Corrected values for the orientation of crystalline regions have been obtained, and a comparison is made between volume changes and x-ray measurements for simple extension.

Criteria for estimating the endurance of gear wheels strengthened by chemical heat treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
V. A. Olovyanishnikov ◽  
V. M. Zinchenko ◽  
B. V. Georgievskaya ◽  
V. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Heat ◽  
Gear Wheels

scholarly journals Effect of the fabrication route on the phase and volume changes during the reaction heat treatment of Nb3Sn superconducting wires

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 034004
Author(s):  
C Scheuerlein ◽  
J Andrieux ◽  
M Michels ◽  
F Lackner ◽  
C Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Superconducting Wires

Effect of separate heat treatment parameters on the accuracy of gear wheels

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Murzin ◽  
V. P. Ponomarev ◽  
N. N. Tolmachevskii ◽  
G. D. Glezer ◽  
A. V. Poropov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gear Wheels
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