Transference numbers for anhydrous methanol solutions at 10 and 25�C

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Vidulich ◽  
Glenn P. Cunningham ◽  
Robert L. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Methanol ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Methanol Solutions

scholarly journals Formaldehyde Analysis in Non-Aqueous Methanol Solutions by Infrared Spectroscopy and Electrospray Ionization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna K. Barakoti ◽  
Pradeep Subedi ◽  
Farzaneh Chalyavi ◽  
Salvador Gutierrez-Portocarrero ◽  
Matthew J. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Anhydrous Methanol ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Methanol Solutions ◽  
Isobutyl Acetate

We present the analysis of formaldehyde (HCHO) in anhydrous methanol (CH3OH) as a case study to quantify HCHO in non-aqueous samples. At higher concentrations (C > 0.07 M), we detect a product of HCHO, methoxy methanol (MM, CH3OCH2OH), by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR. Formaldehyde reacts with CH3OH, CD3OH, and CD3OD as shown by FTIR with a characteristic spectral feature around 1,195 cm−1 for CH3OH used for the qualitative detection of MM, a formaldehyde derivative in neat methanol. Ab initio calculations support this assignment. The extinction coefficient for 1,195 cm−1 is in the order of 1.4 × 102 M−1cm−1, which makes the detection limit by FTIR in the order of 0.07 M. For lower concentrations, we performed the quantitative analysis of non-aqueous samples by derivatization with dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The derivatization uses an aqueous H2SO4 solution to yield the formaldehyde derivatized hydrazone. Ba(OH)2 removes sulfate ions from the derivatized samples and a final extraction with isobutyl acetate to yield a 1:1 methanol: isobutyl acetate solvent for injection for electrospray ionization (ESI). The ESI analysis gave a linear calibration curve for concentrations from 10 to 200 µM with a time-of-flight analyzer (TOF). The detection and quantification limits are 7.8 and 26 μM, respectively, for a linear correlation with R2 > 0.99. We propose that the formaldehyde in CH3OH is in equilibrium with the MM species, without evidence of HCHO in solution. In the presence of water, the peaks for MM become less resolved, as expected from the well-known equilibria of HCHO that favors the formation of methylene glycol and polymeric species. Our results show that HCHO, in methanol does not exist in the aldehyde form as the main chemical species. Still, HCHO is in equilibrium between the production of MM and the formation of hydrated species in the presence of water. We demonstrate the ESI-MS analysis of HCHO from a non-aqueous TiO2 suspension in methanol. Detection of HCHO after illumination of the colloid indicates that methanol photooxidation yields formaldehyde in equilibrium with the solvent.

scholarly journals HKUST-1@IL-Li Solid-state Electrolyte with 3D Ionic Channels and Enhanced Fast Li+ Transport for Lithium Metal Batteries at High Temperature

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Man Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Seunghyun Song ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Joonho Bae
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Ionic Channels ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

The challenge of safety problems in lithium batteries caused by conventional electrolytes at high temperatures is addressed in this study. A novel solid electrolyte (HKUST-1@IL-Li) was fabricated by immobilizing ionic liquid ([EMIM][TFSI]) in the nanopores of a HKUST-1 metal–organic framework. 3D angstrom-level ionic channels of the metal–organic framework (MOF) host were used to restrict electrolyte anions and acted as “highways” for fast Li+ transport. In addition, lower interfacial resistance between HKUST-1@IL-Li and electrodes was achieved by a wetted contact through open tunnels at the atomic scale. Excellent high thermal stability up to 300 °C and electrochemical properties are observed, including ionic conductivities and Li+ transference numbers of 0.68 × 10-4 S·cm-1 and 0.46, respectively, at 25 °C, and 6.85 × 10-4 S·cm-1 and 0.68, respectively, at 100 °C. A stable Li metal plating/stripping process was observed at 100 °C, suggesting an effectively suppressed growth of Li dendrites. The as-fabricated LiFePO4/HKUST-1@IL-Li/Li solid-state battery exhibits remarkable performance at high temperature with an initial discharge capacity of 144 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and a high capacity retention of 92% after 100 cycles. Thus, the solid electrolyte in this study demonstrates promising applicability in lithium metal batteries with high performance under extreme thermal environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Polyester‐ZrO 2 Nanocomposite Electrolytes with High Li Transference Numbers for Ambient Temperature All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Khoon Lee ◽  
Rassmus Andersson ◽  
Nurul Akmaliah Dzulkurnain ◽  
Guiomar Hernández ◽  
Jonas Mindemark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Nanocomposite Electrolytes
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