Metamorphosis of flight motor neurons in the mothManduca sexta

1976 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Casaday ◽  
Jeffrey M. Camhi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Flight Motor

Morphological study of flight motor neurons in the cricket

1989 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
R. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Flight Motor

Latency relationships between loosely coordinated locust flight motor neurons

1969 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Waldron ◽  
Donald M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Locust Flight ◽  
Flight Motor

Intrinsic noise at synapses between a wing hinge stretch receptor and flight motor neurons in the locust

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Stretch Receptor ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Synaptic Noise ◽  
Presynaptic Spike ◽  
Flight Motor

Variability in postsynaptic potential (PSP) amplitude due to intrinsic noise limits the reliability of communication between neurons. I measured PSP variability at synapses between a forewing stretch receptor and wing depressor motor neurons in locusts, a pathway that is important in the control of flying. The intrinsic noise in the stretch receptor output synapse was measured by subtracting the background noise, originating in other synaptic pathways onto the motor neuron, from the variability in the amplitudes of PSPs evoked by the stretch receptor. Intrinsic synaptic noise caused successive PSPs to vary by 4–10 % in basalar and subalar flight motor neurons. Recordings from pairs of these wing depressor motor neurons showed that the amount of transmitter released varied independently between different output sites from the stretch receptor. Histograms of excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude were normal distributions that lacked separate peaks. I estimate that quantal amplitude is significantly less than 0.1 mV and that several hundred quanta are released for each presynaptic spike. This accords well with a previous estimate of the number of discrete anatomical synapses and would facilitate modulation of output from the stretch receptor.

Relative Refractoriness and Patterned Discharge of Locust Flight Motor Neurons

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
DONALD M. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Electronic Model ◽  
Antidromic Stimulation ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Peripheral Motor ◽  
Flight Motor

1. The threshold recovery after impulse propagation in locust peripheral motor axons to flight muscles is described. The refractoriness is large enough to have functional significance for at least 10 msec, and may be detected after 50-100 msec. The refractoriness to successive impulses accumulates. 2. Ganglionic and axonal preparations demonstrate frequency division, apparently due to the refractoriness of the motor neuron. Accumulating refractoriness gives rise to non-integral division. Behaviour of the locust preparations is compared to that of an electronic model. 3. Antidromic stimulation during flight shows that refractory oscillation may regulate the interval between the closer spaced pairs of impulses in the motor units during flight, but that the wingbeat cycle must have another cause.

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