Characterization of the intracellularly recorded response of identified flight motor neurons inDrosophila

1983 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Koenig ◽  
Kazuo Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Flight Motor

Characterization of Myoelectric Signals Using System Identification Techniques

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Bingham ◽  
Marco P. Schoen
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Current System ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Myoelectric Signals ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Human muscle motion is initiated in the central nervous system where a nervous signal travels through the body and the motor neurons excite the muscles to move. These signals, termed myoelectric signals, can be measured on the surface of the skin as an electrical potential. By analyzing these signals it is possible to determine the muscle actions the signals elicit, and thus can be used in manipulating smart prostheses and teleoperation of machinery. Due to the randomness of myoelectric signals, identification of the signals is not complete, therefore the goal of this project is to complete a study of the characterization of one set of hand motions using current system identification methods. The gripping motion of the hand and the corresponding myoelectric signals are measured and the data captured with a personal computer. Using computer software the captured data are processed and finally subjected to several system identification routines. Using this technique it is possible to construct a mathematical model that correlates the myoelectric signals with the matching hand motion.

Characterization of circular muscle motor neurons of the duodenum and distal colon in the Australian brush-tailed possum

2001 ◽  
Vol 443 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Konomi ◽  
Adrian C.B. Meedeniya ◽  
Maria E. Simula ◽  
James Toouli ◽  
Gino T.P. Saccone
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Distal Colon

scholarly journals AAV9-mediated delivery of miR-23a reduces disease severity in Smn2B/−SMA model mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 3199-3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A Kaifer ◽  
Eric Villalón ◽  
Benjamin S O'Brien ◽  
Samantha L Sison ◽  
Caley E Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Survival Motor Neuron ◽  
Virus Serotype

Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by deletions or mutations in survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1). The molecular mechanisms underlying motor neuron degeneration in SMA remain elusive, as global cellular dysfunction obscures the identification and characterization of disease-relevant pathways and potential therapeutic targets. Recent reports have implicated microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation as a potential contributor to the pathological mechanism in SMA. To characterize miRNAs that are differentially regulated in SMA, we profiled miRNA levels in SMA induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons. From this array, miR-23a downregulation was identified selectively in SMA motor neurons, consistent with previous reports where miR-23a functioned in neuroprotective and muscle atrophy-antagonizing roles. Reintroduction of miR-23a expression in SMA patient iPSC-derived motor neurons protected against degeneration, suggesting a potential miR-23a-specific disease-modifying effect. To assess this activity in vivo, miR-23a was expressed using a self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (scAAV9) viral vector in the Smn2B/− SMA mouse model. scAAV9-miR-23a significantly reduced the pathology in SMA mice, including increased motor neuron size, reduced neuromuscular junction pathology, increased muscle fiber area, and extended survival. These experiments demonstrate that miR-23a is a novel protective modifier of SMA, warranting further characterization of miRNA dysfunction in SMA.

scholarly journals Characterization of LAMP1-labeled nondegradative lysosomal and endocytic compartments in neurons

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
pp. 3127-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Tang Cheng ◽  
Yu-Xiang Xie ◽  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Ning Huang ◽  
Tamar Farfel-Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Lysosomal Hydrolases ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Gradient Fractionation ◽  
Endocytic Compartments ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Despite widespread distribution of LAMP1 and the heterogeneous nature of LAMP1-labeled compartments, LAMP1 is routinely used as a lysosomal marker, and LAMP1-positive organelles are often referred to as lysosomes. In this study, we use immunoelectron microscopy and confocal imaging to provide quantitative analysis of LAMP1 distribution in various autophagic and endolysosomal organelles in neurons. Our study demonstrates that a significant portion of LAMP1-labeled organelles do not contain detectable lysosomal hydrolases including cathepsins D and B and glucocerebrosidase. A bovine serum albumin–gold pulse–chase assay followed by ultrastructural analysis suggests a heterogeneity of degradative capacity in LAMP1-labeled endolysosomal organelles. Gradient fractionation displays differential distribution patterns of LAMP1/2 and cathepsins D/B in neurons. We further reveal that LAMP1 intensity in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–linked motor neurons does not necessarily reflect lysosomal deficits in vivo. Our study suggests that labeling a set of lysosomal hydrolases combined with various endolysosomal markers would be more accurate than simply relying on LAMP1/2 staining to assess neuronal lysosome distribution, trafficking, and functionality under physiological and pathological conditions.

Characterization of projections of longitudinal muscle motor neurons in human colon

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Humenick ◽  
Bao Nan Chen ◽  
Chris I. W. Lauder ◽  
David A. Wattchow ◽  
Vladimir P. Zagorodnyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Human Colon

Morphological study of flight motor neurons in the cricket

1989 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
R. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Flight Motor

Erratum to “Ganglioside characterization of a cell line displaying motor neuron-like phenotype: GM2 as a possible major ganglioside in motor neurons”

1995 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
Akiko Matsumoto ◽  
Hiide Yoshino ◽  
Nobuhiro Yuki ◽  
Yukichi Hara ◽  
Neil R. Cashman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Major Ganglioside
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