The effects of a high carbohydrate diet on postprandial energy expenditure during exercise in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Saitoh ◽  
Tatsuhiro Matsuo ◽  
Masashige Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

24-hour energy expenditure and sympathetic activity in postobese women consuming a high-carbohydrate diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. E282-E288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Astrup ◽  
B. Buemann ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
J. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Before And After

It has been suggested that the energy expenditure (EE) of formerly obese subjects (postobese) is highly susceptible to the dietary carbohydrate content and that a high dietary carbohydrate-to-fat ratio may increase their 24-h EE. We studied eight obese women before and after weight normalization (postobese state) and compared them with eight matched controls. Twenty-four hour EE, substrate oxidations, and 24-h heart rate were measured in respiratory chambers on a fixed physical program, while the postobese and controls were in macronutrient balance on a high-carbohydrate diet. Mean 24-h EE decreased from the obese to the postobese state (P less than 0.01), but it remained higher in the postobese women than in the controls (8,292 +/- 153 vs. 7,646 +/- 190 kJ/day, P = 0.01). The higher EE in the postobese group was entirely covered by a 22% higher carbohydrate oxidation (P = 0.006). The mean 24-h heart rate, as measured by telemetry, was also higher in the postobese group than in the control group (74 vs. 66 beats/min, P less than 0.03). Plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were greater by 50% in the postobese as compared with the controls (P = 0.004), and differences in plasma NE concentrations entirely accounted for the group difference in 24-h EE and heart rate between postobese and controls, as analyzed by stepwise regression analysis. We conclude that postobese women on a high-carbohydrate-low-fat diet have an enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity, which is responsible for the higher 24-h EE and heart rate. These findings may have implications for understanding the pathophysiology and for the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Higher energy requirement during weight-loss maintenance on a low- versus high-carbohydrate diet: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled feeding study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara B Ebbeling ◽  
Lisa Bielak ◽  
Paul R Lakin ◽  
Gloria L Klein ◽  
Julia MW Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Feeding Study

ABSTRACTBackgroundLonger-term feeding studies suggest that a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity. However, the validity of methodology utilized in these studies, involving doubly-labeled water, has been questioned.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether dietary energy requirement for weight-loss maintenance is higher on a low-versus high-carbohydrate diet.MethodsThe study reports secondary outcomes and exploratory analyses from a feeding study in which the primary outcome was total energy expenditure. After attaining a mean Run-in weight loss of 10.5%, 164 adults with pre-weight-loss BMI of ≥25 were randomly assigned to Test diets containing Low (20%), Moderate (40%) or High (60%) carbohydrate for 20 weeks. Calorie content of Test diets was adjusted to maintain individual body weight within 2 kg of the post-weight-loss value. In analyses by Intention-to-Treat (ITT, study completers, n=148) and Per Protocol (PP, those achieving the weight-loss maintenance target, n=110), we compared estimated energy requirement from 10 to 20 weeks on the Test diets using ANCOVA. Insulin secretion was assessed pre-weight-loss as insulin concentration 30 minutes following 75 grams oral glucose (Insulin-30).ResultsEstimated energy requirement was higher in the Low vs High group by models involving ITT (ranging from 181 [CI 8–353] to 223 [40–406] kcal/d; P≤0.04) and PP (ranging from 245 [43–446] to 295 [91–499] kcal/d; P≤0.02). This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for change in adiposity and possible non-adherence. In observational analyses, pre-weight loss Insulin-30 predicted adverse change in body composition following weight loss.ConclusionsEnergy requirement was higher on a low-versus high-carbohydrate diet during weight-loss maintenance, commensurate with total energy expenditure. These data are consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model and lend qualified support for the validity of the doubly-labeled water method with diets varying in macronutrient composition.

scholarly journals Energy Requirement Is Higher During Weight-Loss Maintenance in Adults Consuming a Low- Compared with High-Carbohydrate Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara B Ebbeling ◽  
Lisa Bielak ◽  
Paul R Lakin ◽  
Gloria L Klein ◽  
Julia M W Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

ABSTRACT Background Longer-term feeding studies suggest that a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity. However, the validity of methodology utilized in these studies, involving doubly labeled water (DLW), has been questioned. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary energy requirement for weight-loss maintenance is higher on a low- compared with high-carbohydrate diet. Methods The study reports secondary outcomes from a feeding study in which the primary outcome was total energy expenditure (TEE). After attaining a mean Run-in weight loss of 10.5%, 164 adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; 70.1% women) were randomly assigned to Low-Carbohydrate (percentage of total energy from carbohydrate, fat, protein: 20/60/20), Moderate-Carbohydrate (40/40/20), or High-Carbohydrate (60/20/20) Test diets for 20 wk. Calorie content was adjusted to maintain individual body weight within ± 2 kg of the postweight-loss value. In analyses by intention-to-treat (ITT, completers, n = 148) and per protocol (PP, completers also achieving weight-loss maintenance, n = 110), we compared the estimated energy requirement (EER) from 10 to 20 wk of the Test diets using ANCOVA. Results Mean EER was higher in the Low- versus High-Carbohydrate group in models of varying covariate structure involving ITT [ranging from 181 (95% CI: 8–353) to 246 (64–427) kcal/d; P ≤0.04] and PP [ranging from 245 (43–446) to 323 (122–525) kcal/d; P ≤0.02]. This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for change in adiposity and possible nonadherence. Conclusions Energy requirement was higher on a low- versus high-carbohydrate diet during weight-loss maintenance in adults, commensurate with TEE. These data are consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model and lend qualified support for the validity of the DLW method with diets varying in macronutrient composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02068885.

scholarly journals High Carbohydrate Diet Increased Glucose Transporter Protein Levels in Jejunum but Did Not Lead to Enhanced Post-Exercise Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Recovery

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Yumiko Takahashi ◽  
Yutaka Matsunaga ◽  
Hiroki Yoshida ◽  
Terunaga Shinya ◽  
Ryo Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2

We examined the effect of dietary carbohydrate intake on post-exercise glycogen recovery. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed moderate-carbohydrate chow (MCHO, 50%cal from carbohydrate) or high-carbohydrate chow (HCHO, 70%cal from carbohydrate) for 10 days. They then ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min and administered an oral glucose solution (1.5 mg/g body weight). Compared to the MCHO group, the HCHO group showed significantly higher sodium-D-glucose co-transporter 1 protein levels in the brush border membrane fraction (p = 0.003) and the glucose transporter 2 level in the mucosa of jejunum (p = 0.004). At 30 min after the post-exercise glucose administration, the skeletal muscle and liver glycogen levels were not significantly different between the two diet groups. The blood glucose concentration from the portal vein (which is the entry site of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract) was not significantly different between the groups at 15 min after the post-exercise glucose administration. There was no difference in the total or phosphorylated states of proteins related to glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle. Although the high-carbohydrate diet significantly increased glucose transporters in the jejunum, this adaptation stimulated neither glycogen recovery nor glucose absorption after the ingestion of post-exercise glucose.

scholarly journals Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyoung Park ◽  
Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽  
Min Hee Hwang ◽  
Young Jin Park ◽  
Young-Rak Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Mixed lineage kinase 3 deficient mice are protected against the high fat high carbohydrate diet-induced steatohepatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar H. Ibrahim ◽  
Gregory J. Gores ◽  
Petra Hirsova ◽  
Michelle Kirby ◽  
Lili Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Mixed Lineage Kinase ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 ◽  
Deficient Mice
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