Renal medullary hexosamine content following antidiuresis and water-loading in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 390 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rowen ◽  
R. O. Law
Keyword(s):  
Water Loading ◽  
Hexosamine Content

VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
lb Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hexosamine Content ◽  
Healing Processes

ABSTRACT Biochemical and histological changes in the aortic wall of rabbits were demonstrated following injection of epinephrine and l-thyroxine during 2 weeks. The widespread gross and microscopic changes were accompanied by an increase in hexosamine content and uptake of 35S labeled sodium sulphate, and an increased calcium content, whereas the collagen content, assessed by determination of hydroxyproline, was reduced. Comparison with the effect of epinephrine injections alone showed that thyroxine intensified the damaging effect of epinephrine on the vessel wall and induced more pronounced mucopolysaccharide changes in the aortic wall, presumably acting as a link in the healing processes.

THE HEXOSAMINE CONTENT OF THE ORBIT IN RELATION TO ANTI-THYROTROPHIN ANTIBODY TITRES IN SERA OF THYROTROPHIN-TREATED RABBITS WITH AND WITHOUT CORTISONE ADMINISTRATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Wegelius ◽  
E. J. Jokinen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Hexosamine Content ◽  
Synergetic Action

ABSTRACT In all previous investigations on experimental exophthalmos, heterologous thyrotrophic pituitary extracts have been used. These protein hormones stimulate antihormone formation in the test animals. Cortisone has been reported to effectively block antibody formation. In addition, it has been shown to potentiate TSH-induced exophthalmos in guinea-pigs. With rabbits as test animals, the hexosamine content of the orbital tissues was determined and used as an index of exophthalmos development and at the same time the antibody titres in the sera were followed. TSH injections for six weeks led to a highly significant accumulation of hexosamine in the retrobulbar connective tissue and in the extraocular muscles, i. e. an increase of up to 400% as compared with the control animals. At the same time a significant rise in antihormonal titres was detectable in the sera. Concomitant treatment with cortisone brought about an equal or higher accumulation of hexosamine but significantly lower antibody titres. The known opposite peripheral actions of TSH and cortisone can be reconciled with the synergy in producing experimental exophthalmos by attributing the synergetic action of cortisone to the blocking of antihormone formation. If less antihormones are produced, the effect of TSH is enhanced. Our experiments do not provide direct proof for this hypothesis. High hexosamine values in the orbit and low antihormone titres in the serum are, however, concomitant phenomena.

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Leaching of Pesticides from Biobeds:  Effect of Biobed Depth and Water Loading

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (20) ◽  
pp. 6217-6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fogg ◽  
Alistair B. A. Boxall ◽  
Allan Walker ◽  
Andrew Jukes
Keyword(s):  
Water Loading

Dependence of Urinary Prostaglandin E2 Excretion on Urinary Volume Rather than Solute Handling or Segmental Nephron Function in Man

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sming Kaojarern ◽  
Polavat Chennavasin ◽  
Ann Burdette ◽  
William B. Campbell ◽  
D. Craig Brater
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ad Libitum

1. Eight normal subjects underwent water loading alone and water loading plus 40 mg of frusemide IV, fluid intake ad libitum alone and fluid intake ad libitum plus frusemide, plus each of the preceding after pretreatment with indomethacin. 2. After frusemide administration, increases in urinary sodium excretion paralleled increases in urinary volume, and urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion correlated closely with sodium excretion (y = 1.03x −0.28; r = 0.940; P<.0001). 3. In the absence of the diuretic, urinary volume varied over a wide range with little change in sodium excretion. Again, urinary PGE2 excretion correlated with urinary sodium excretion (y = 0.12x + 0.05; r = 0.789; P<.002). However, the correlation differed markedly from that observed in the studies with frusemide. 4. Expressing urinary PGE2 excretion as a function of urinary volume for all of the studies resulted in a highly significant correlation (y = 10.7x −0.70; r = 0.975; P<.0001). 5. Multiple and stepwise regression analyses assessing the correlation of urinary PGE2 excretion with urinary flow rate and with indices of function of various nephron segments indicate that the correlation with urinary PGE2 could be predominantly accounted for by urinary volume. 6. We conclude that in the condition of this study in man, urinary PGE2 excretion is a correlate of urinary volume.

Stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion by water loading in human

2014 ◽  
Vol 459 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Marina ◽  
A. V. Kutina ◽  
E. I. Shakhmatova ◽  
E. V. Balbotkina ◽  
Yu. V. Natochin
Keyword(s):  
Water Loading ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Catalytic Influence of Water Vapor on Lean Blowoff and NOx Reduction for Pressurised Swirling Syngas Flames

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pugh ◽  
Philip Bowen ◽  
Andrew Crayford ◽  
Richard Marsh ◽  
Jon Runyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Laminar Flame Speed ◽  
Water Loading

It has become increasingly cost-effective for the steel industry to invest in the capture of heavily carbonaceous BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) or converter gas, and use it to support the intensive energy demands of the integrated facility, or for surplus energy conversion in power plants. As industry strives for greater efficiency via ever more complex technologies, increased attention is being paid to investigate the complex behavior of by-product syngases. Recent studies have described and evidenced the enhancement of fundamental combustion parameters such as laminar flame speed due to the catalytic influence of H2O on heavily carbonaceous syngas mixtures. Direct formation of CO2 from CO is slow due to its high activation energy, and the presence of disassociated radical hydrogen facilitates chain branching species (such as OH), changing the dominant path for oxidation. The observed catalytic effect is non-monotonic, with the reduction in flame temperature eventually prevailing, and overall reaction rate quenched. The potential benefits of changes in water loading are explored in terms of delayed lean blowoff, and primary emission reduction in a premixed turbulent swirling flame, scaled for practical relevance at conditions of elevated temperature (423 K) and pressure (0.1–0.3 MPa). Chemical kinetic models are used initially to characterize the influence that H2O has on the burning characteristics of the fuel blend employed, modelling laminar flame speed and extinction strain rate across an experimental range with H2O vapor fraction increased to eventually diminish the catalytic effect. These modelled predictions are used as a foundation to investigate the experimental flame. OH* chemiluminescence and OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) are employed as optical diagnostic techniques to analyze changes in heat release structure resulting from the experimental variation in water loading. A comparison is made with a CH4/air flame and changes in lean blow off stability limits are quantified, measuring the incremental increase in air flow and again compared against chemical models. The compound benefit of CO and NOx reduction is quantified also, with production first decreasing due to the thermal effect of H2O addition from a reduction in flame temperature, coupled with the potential for further reduction from the change in lean stability limit. Power law correlations have been derived for change in pressure, and equivalent water loading. Hence, the catalytic effect of H2O on reaction pathways and reaction rate predicted and observed for laminar flames, are compared against the challenging environment of turbulent, swirl-stabilized flames at elevated temperature and pressure, characteristic of piratical systems.

scholarly journals Hydration Status Affects Nuclear Distribution of Transcription Factor Tonicity Responsive Enhancer Binding Protein in Rat Kidney

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNG H. CHA ◽  
SEUNG KYOON WOO ◽  
KI H. HAN ◽  
YOUNG H. KIM ◽  
JOSEPH S. HANDLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Nuclear Distribution ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein

Abstract. Tonicity responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is the transcription factor that regulates tonicity responsive expression of proteins that catalyze cellular accumulation of compatible osmolytes. In cultured MDCK cells, hypertonicity stimulates the activity of TonEBP via a combination of increased protein abundance and increased nuclear localization. For investigating regulation of TonEBP in the kidney, rats were subjected to water loading or dehydration. Water loading lowered urine osmolality and mRNA expression of sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT), a target gene of TonEBP, in the renal medulla; dehydration doubled the urine osmolality and increased SMIT mRNA expression. In contrast, overall abundance of TonEBP and its mRNA measured by immunoblot and ribonuclease protection assay, respectively, was not affected. Immunohistochemical analysis, however, revealed that nuclear distribution of TonEBP is generally increased throughout the medulla in dehydrated animals compared with water loaded animals. Increased nuclear localization was particularly dramatic in thin limbs. Notable exceptions were the middle to terminal portions of the inner medullary collecting ducts and blood vessels, where a change in TonEBP distribution was not evident. Immunohistochemical detection of SMIT mRNA revealed that the changes in nuclear distribution of TonEBP correlate with expression of SMIT. It is concluded that under physiologic conditions, nucleocytoplasmic distribution is the dominant mode of regulation of TonEBP in the renal medulla.

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